Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Arousal of negative emotions such as fear and anger and can inspire the dislike or avoidance of the person administering this consequence.This is a disadvantages of the consequence of _________.

Stuart is afraid of public speaking,but only when he has to make speeches on the weekend.He is a professor and has no trouble speaking in front of large groups of students,and he has made effective presentations at conferences,as long as he presents on a weekday.The specificity of Stuart's fear mostly clearly demonstrates the process of:

According to the text,the environment only plays a role in species adaptation,but not in personal adaptation.

Though initially dominated by behaviourists,the utility of the expectancy model to explain the effects of classical conditioning demonstrates that people associated with the ____________ perspective have also made significant contributions to the study of learning.

The UCR and CR differ in that the CR is learned and the UCR is unlearned.

Ethologists refer to an unlearned response that is triggered by a simple stimulus as a(n):

A child who has her TV-watching privileges taken away because she lied to her parents is receiving a response cost punishment.

While our biology affects our learning,our experiences and learning environments do not affect our biological functioning.

You are waiting at the crosswalk for the light to change.Finally the "WALK" sign illuminates and you begin to cross the street.Even though you watch for traffic as you cross,you have learned that the appearance of this light usually means that it is safe to cross the street.Thus,the "WALK" sign would be considered an example of a:

When Richard had an accident in his parent's car,he had his license suspended for 6 months.This outcome was intended to decrease his poor driving habits,therefore taking his license away is considered:

A woman who is in a car crash develops a phobia of cars.Using the terminology associated with classical conditioning,a car would be considered a(n)_____________.

In the anticipatory nausea and vomiting response that can occur with patients receiving cancer treatment,initially neutral stimuli,such as needles,the hospital,or the treatment room,become _______ that trigger sickness.

It has been a long time since Karina stopped bullying other children at school.Her parents simply explained to Karina that every time she bullies a child,she must pay a price for the bullying incident.Karina loves music and has an extensive CD collection; therefore,the cost of a bullying incident is three CDs from her collection.It did not take Karina long to determine that was too high of a price to pay for her behaviour,so the bullying stopped.This response cost method of modifying behavior is a:

Higher-order conditioning occurs when:

Though the techniques are powerful,research has failed to demonstrate how the principles of classical conditioning can impact the functioning of the immune system.

The behavioural view of learning is both challenged and questioned by:

Stimulus generalization refers to the process where stimuli that are similar to the initial ______________ also elicit a conditioned response.

What is anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV)and what kinds of stimuli can trigger this response in chemotherapy patients? Using the principles of classical conditioning,explain how the phenomenon of anticipatory nausea and vomiting is thought to occur.Be sure to label the appropriate UCS,UCR,CS,and CR.

Newborn herring gulls immediately peck on the red mark of the mother's bill,which triggers the regurgitation of food so that the young hatchlings can eat.This behaviour increases the likelihood of survival,therefore it is deemed to have _______________ .

________ reinforcers are stimuli that are naturally reinforcing,while ____________ reinforcers are stimuli that become reinforcing through learning.