Question 1

Osteoblasts originate from

Accepted Answer

A)  mesenchyme cells. 
B)  osteoblasts. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  blood stem cells. 
A)  mesenchyme cells. 
B)  osteoblasts. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  blood stem cells.

Question 2

In osteoporosis, bone resorption occurs at faster rate than the deposition of new bone. All of these factors increase bone deposition and, therefore, help to prevent or treat osteoporosis except

Accepted Answer

A)  weight-bearing exercise 
B)  adequate vitamin D intake 
C)  adequate calcium intake 
D)  parathyroid hormone replacement 
A)  weight-bearing exercise 
B)  adequate vitamin D intake 
C)  adequate calcium intake 
D)  parathyroid hormone replacement

Question 3

In osteoporosis, bone resorption occurs at faster rate than the deposition of new bone. Using your knowledge of bone cells, you reason that the cause of this must be an increase in activity and number of

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteoprogenitor cells 
A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts 
D)  osteoprogenitor cells

Question 4

All of the following are true regarding the composition of bone tissue except

Accepted Answer

A)  35% of bone tissue is composed of organic materials. 
B)  65% of bone tissue is composed of inorganic hydroxyapatites. 
C)  elastin fibers are the most abundant organic components of bone. 
D)  the mixture of organic and inorganic components allows bone to be strong but not brittle. 
A)  35% of bone tissue is composed of organic materials. 
B)  65% of bone tissue is composed of inorganic hydroxyapatites. 
C)  elastin fibers are the most abundant organic components of bone. 
D)  the mixture of organic and inorganic components allows bone to be strong but not brittle.

Question 5

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Which letter indicates the perforating, or Volkmann's canals which lie at right angles to central canals?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

Comminuted fractures, in which the bone fragments into many pieces, are more common in the elderly. Anatomically, why would advanced age increase the risk for these kinds of fractures?

Accepted Answer

A)  The decrease in organic, living, components in bone makes it more brittle. 
B)  Bone becomes more flexible with age. 
C)  Elderly individuals tend to do more activities resulting in strong twisting forces on their bones. 
D)  With age, bones acquire widespread microfractures that can result in fragmented fractures when excessive force is placed on the bone. 
A)  The decrease in organic, living, components in bone makes it more brittle. 
B)  Bone becomes more flexible with age. 
C)  Elderly individuals tend to do more activities resulting in strong twisting forces on their bones. 
D)  With age, bones acquire widespread microfractures that can result in fragmented fractures when excessive force is placed on the bone.

Question 7

An osteon is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell body and a long, threadlike extension. 
B)  cartilage. 
C)  layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal. 
D)  interstitial lamellae. 
A)  a cell body and a long, threadlike extension. 
B)  cartilage. 
C)  layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal. 
D)  interstitial lamellae.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, more bone will be resorbed than formed. 
B)  Osteoblasts function to break down bone. 
C)  Bone remodeling can occur to help us maintain adequate concentrations of calcium and phosphate in our blood. 
D)  Bone remodeling occurs at the same rate in all bones of the body. 
A)  If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, more bone will be resorbed than formed. 
B)  Osteoblasts function to break down bone. 
C)  Bone remodeling can occur to help us maintain adequate concentrations of calcium and phosphate in our blood. 
D)  Bone remodeling occurs at the same rate in all bones of the body.

Question 9

Within a long bone of the skeleton, the circumferential lamellae are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  trabeculae. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  external and internal regions of compact bone. 
D)  marrow cavity. 
A)  trabeculae. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  external and internal regions of compact bone. 
D)  marrow cavity.

Question 10

Vertebrae and hip bones are examples of ________ bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vertebrae and hip bones are examples of...

Question 11

Blood vessels to the diaphysis move through the

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  foramen magnum. 
D)  nutrient foramen. 
A)  epiphyseal plate. 
B)  articular cartilage. 
C)  foramen magnum. 
D)  nutrient foramen.

Question 12

Microscopic inspection of hyaline cartilage would show prominent parallel bundles of collagen fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of these is not a consequence of aging on bones and cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  thinning of the articular cartilage. 
B)  decline in bone mass 
C)  decrease in completely-formed osteons 
D)  increase in chondroblast activity 
A)  thinning of the articular cartilage. 
B)  decline in bone mass 
C)  decrease in completely-formed osteons 
D)  increase in chondroblast activity

Question 14

A long bone may be characterized by two diaphyses and one epiphysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe the three types of cartilage and their defining characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant.

Question 16

Which of these bony markings is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  trochanter - joint surface 
B)  foramen - site of muscle attachment 
C)  fissure - opening 
D)  crest - depression 
A)  trochanter - joint surface 
B)  foramen - site of muscle attachment 
C)  fissure - opening 
D)  crest - depression

Question 17

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
-Which letter indicates the region of the long bone comprised of trabecular bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 18

Which of these is true regarding the skeleton of young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their bones contain many ridges and prominent features 
B)  Their skeletons contain less hyaline cartilage than an adult. 
C)  As they use their muscles, bony markings and prominences develop in response to the added stress on the bones. 
D)  Their epiphysial plates were closed shortly after birth. 
A)  Their bones contain many ridges and prominent features 
B)  Their skeletons contain less hyaline cartilage than an adult. 
C)  As they use their muscles, bony markings and prominences develop in response to the added stress on the bones. 
D)  Their epiphysial plates were closed shortly after birth.

Question 19

A large, multinucleate cell with a ruffled border is an

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast. 
B)  adipocyte. 
C)  osteocyte. 
D)  osteoblast. 
A)  osteoclast. 
B)  adipocyte. 
C)  osteocyte. 
D)  osteoblast.

Question 20

Which statement about growth of long bones is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bone cannot grow longer once the epiphyseal plates are ossified. 
B)  The diaphysis becomes progressively thinner as the bone lengthens. 
C)  The epiphyses are pushed further from the center of the diaphysis. 
D)  The epiphyseal plates remain a constant thickness during growth. 
A)  The bone cannot grow longer once the epiphyseal plates are ossified. 
B)  The diaphysis becomes progressively thinner as the bone lengthens. 
C)  The epiphyses are pushed further from the center of the diaphysis. 
D)  The epiphyseal plates remain a constant thickness during growth.

Exam 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Osteoblasts originate from

In osteoporosis, bone resorption occurs at faster rate than the deposition of new bone. All of these factors increase bone deposition and, therefore, help to prevent or treat osteoporosis except

In osteoporosis, bone resorption occurs at faster rate than the deposition of new bone. Using your knowledge of bone cells, you reason that the cause of this must be an increase in activity and number of

All of the following are true regarding the composition of bone tissue except

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Which letter indicates the perforating, or Volkmann's canals which lie at right angles to central canals?

Comminuted fractures, in which the bone fragments into many pieces, are more common in the elderly. Anatomically, why would advanced age increase the risk for these kinds of fractures?

An osteon is composed of

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?

Within a long bone of the skeleton, the circumferential lamellae are located in the

Vertebrae and hip bones are examples of ________ bones.

Blood vessels to the diaphysis move through the

Microscopic inspection of hyaline cartilage would show prominent parallel bundles of collagen fibers.

Which of these is not a consequence of aging on bones and cartilage?

A long bone may be characterized by two diaphyses and one epiphysis.

Describe the three types of cartilage and their defining characteristics.

Which of these bony markings is correctly paired with its function?

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Which letter indicates the region of the long bone comprised of trabecular bone?

Which of these is true regarding the skeleton of young children?

A large, multinucleate cell with a ruffled border is an

Which statement about growth of long bones is false?

The Human Body: an Orientation

Cells: the Living Units

Basic Embryology

Tissues

The Integumentary System

Bones, Part 1: the Axial Skeleton

Bones, Part 2: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Muscles of the Body

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

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