Question 1

What is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) nucleus 
C) nucleolus 
D) ribosome 
E) eukaryotic chromosome 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) nucleus 
C) nucleolus 
D) ribosome 
E) eukaryotic chromosome D

Question 2

What is the total number of different possible combinations of bases in a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 64 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 64 D

Question 3

The function of the promoter is to signal the RNA polymerase:

Accepted Answer

A) where to start transcribing the DNA. 
B) which strand of the DNA to read. 
C) where to start translating the DNA. 
A) where to start transcribing the DNA. 
B) which strand of the DNA to read. 
C) where to start translating the DNA. A

Question 4

"Gene expression" is a term that relates to:

Accepted Answer

A) how genes are passed from parent to offspring. 
B) the unique set of genes in an individual. 
C) the karyotype of a chromosome set. 
D) the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. 
E) DNA replication. 
A) how genes are passed from parent to offspring. 
B) the unique set of genes in an individual. 
C) the karyotype of a chromosome set. 
D) the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. 
E) DNA replication.

Question 5

In the fungus Neurospora, a metabolic pathway synthesizes the amino acid Z (which is essential for its survival)from the precursor W. The intermediates X and Y are also produced in this pathway. The enzymes E1, E2, and E3 catalyze three reactions in the process, as shown: E1 E2 E3
W → X → Y → Z
X-ray radiation can be used to create a mutant strain of Neurospora that has a defective gene sequence for E2.
Based on this scenario, the mutant strain will survive on media that contain:

Accepted Answer

A) only W or X. 
B) only Y or Z. 
C) W, X, Y, or Z. 
D) only X. 
E) only Z. 
A) only W or X. 
B) only Y or Z. 
C) W, X, Y, or Z. 
D) only X. 
E) only Z.

Question 6

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is:

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNA. 
B) ribosomal RNA. 
C) transfer RNA. 
D) nuclear RNA. 
A) messenger RNA. 
B) ribosomal RNA. 
C) transfer RNA. 
D) nuclear RNA.

Question 7

The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

A) translation. 
B) transformation. 
C) replication. 
D) transcription. 
A) translation. 
B) transformation. 
C) replication. 
D) transcription.

Question 8

In eukaryotes, a promoter that signals the beginning of the gene is made from:

Accepted Answer

A) the bases TATAAA (most commonly)and response elements. 
B) rRNA and tRNA. 
C) the four different types of nucleotides and transcription factor binding sites. 
D) transcription factor binding sites only. 
E) both DNA and RNA. 
A) the bases TATAAA (most commonly)and response elements. 
B) rRNA and tRNA. 
C) the four different types of nucleotides and transcription factor binding sites. 
D) transcription factor binding sites only. 
E) both DNA and RNA.

Question 9

Based on this table, which polypeptide would be synthesized from the mRNA base sequence AUGCCUGACUUA?

Accepted Answer

A) phe-met-pro-leu 
B) met-pro-asp-tyr 
C) met-pro-asp-leu 
D) ile-pro-ala-tyr 
E) met-phe-glu-leu 
A) phe-met-pro-leu 
B) met-pro-asp-tyr 
C) met-pro-asp-leu 
D) ile-pro-ala-tyr 
E) met-phe-glu-leu

Question 10

Which of the following molecules transfers information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) proteins 
E) lipids 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) proteins 
E) lipids

Question 11

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA could determine all of the following EXCEPT the sequence of:

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA. 
B) amino acids in a protein molecule. 
C) nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand. 
D) ribose and phosphate molecules in tRNA. 
A) nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA. 
B) amino acids in a protein molecule. 
C) nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand. 
D) ribose and phosphate molecules in tRNA.

Question 12

Each ribosome is specific for a particular type of protein. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

For a mutation to affect the evolution of an animal species, it must occur within:

Accepted Answer

A) somatic cells. 
B) prokaryotic cells. 
C) diploid cells. 
D) gametes. 
A) somatic cells. 
B) prokaryotic cells. 
C) diploid cells. 
D) gametes.

Question 14

As seen in this figure, how many exons were used to assemble the pre-mRNA sequence, and how many exons were used in the finished mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 3; 3 
B) 3; 2 
C) 5; 3 
D) 6; 3 
A) 3; 3 
B) 3; 2 
C) 5; 3 
D) 6; 3

Question 15

If a tRNA molecule that is specialized for the transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG, it will couple with the codon:

Accepted Answer

A) GAC. 
B) GTC. 
C) TUG. 
D) GUC. 
E) CAG. 
A) GAC. 
B) GTC. 
C) TUG. 
D) GUC. 
E) CAG.

Question 16

Imagine that the short DNA base sequence GGCTGC is transcribed and then translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available in the cytoplasm: tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid
GGC proline
CGU alanine
UGC threonine
CCG glycine
ACG cysteine
CGG alanine
What resulting dipeptide will form?

Accepted Answer

A) cysteine-alanine 
B) proline-threonine 
C) glycine-cysteine 
D) alanine-alanine 
E) threonine-glycine 
A) cysteine-alanine 
B) proline-threonine 
C) glycine-cysteine 
D) alanine-alanine 
E) threonine-glycine

Question 17

How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA has one polynucleotide strand per molecule. 
B) RNA lacks the base uracil. 
C) RNA might or might not possess the sugar deoxyribose. 
D) RNA is never found in the nucleus. 
A) RNA has one polynucleotide strand per molecule. 
B) RNA lacks the base uracil. 
C) RNA might or might not possess the sugar deoxyribose. 
D) RNA is never found in the nucleus.

Question 18

Transcription is the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. 
B) assembling an RNA molecule without a template. 
C) synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. 
D) synthesizing a protein using information from mRNA. 
E) replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule. 
A) synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. 
B) assembling an RNA molecule without a template. 
C) synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. 
D) synthesizing a protein using information from mRNA. 
E) replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.

Question 19

A "mini-gene" has the base sequence TACCCGTGCACG. If the T at the beginning of the sequence is deleted, what will be the consequence?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the codons after that point will be changed. 
B) Only the amino acid coded for in that codon will be changed. 
C) RNA polymerase will skip that codon, but all the others will be read normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will correct the deletion, and a normal protein will be produced. 
E) The first nucleotide is always replaced anyway, so there will be no change. 
A) All of the codons after that point will be changed. 
B) Only the amino acid coded for in that codon will be changed. 
C) RNA polymerase will skip that codon, but all the others will be read normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will correct the deletion, and a normal protein will be produced. 
E) The first nucleotide is always replaced anyway, so there will be no change.

Question 20

Messenger RNA is single-stranded. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Gene Expression and Regulation

What is the site of protein synthesis?

What is the total number of different possible combinations of bases in a codon?

The function of the promoter is to signal the RNA polymerase:

"Gene expression" is a term that relates to:

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is:

The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called:

In eukaryotes, a promoter that signals the beginning of the gene is made from:

Based on this table, which polypeptide would be synthesized from the mRNA base sequence AUGCCUGACUUA?

Which of the following molecules transfers information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA could determine all of the following EXCEPT the sequence of:

Each ribosome is specific for a particular type of protein. True or False?

For a mutation to affect the evolution of an animal species, it must occur within:

As seen in this figure, how many exons were used to assemble the pre-mRNA sequence, and how many exons were used in the finished mRNA?

If a tRNA molecule that is specialized for the transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG, it will couple with the codon:

How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?

Transcription is the process of:

A "mini-gene" has the base sequence TACCCGTGCACG. If the T at the beginning of the sequence is deleted, what will be the consequence?

Messenger RNA is single-stranded. True or False?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters