Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

__________ are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are ascribed to all members of the group, regardless of within-group variations.

If a baby is raised in a "monoracial" world, how soon will it show preference for faces of their own race?

In a typical classroom, informal contact between students is often called "talking to your neighbor" and is discouraged. This violates which precondition for the reduction of prejudice and hostility between students? Contact must occur in __________.

Alice's three children are driving her crazy. They are constantly squabbling, calling one another names, and generally tormenting one another. To preserve what's left of her sanity, Alice has decided to try to convince the youngsters to get along. She promises them that she will take them to a funny movie if they will work together to clean their playroom in under thirty minutes. Which of the preconditions for reducing conflict does this illustrate?

__________ refers to an attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership.

__________ posits that increased prejudice and discrimination result from limited resources and consequent intergroup conflict.

Researchers state that one reason the jigsaw classroom is effective is that it allows the individual to develop a category of "oneness." By this they mean that __________.

__________ refers to the feelings and behaviors elicited by being evaluated through the lens of negative stereotypes about your group.

Consider the phrase, "The exception proves the rule." How does this phrase reflect prejudicial attitudes in the face of evidence contrary to one's attitude?

In a series of experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) had both African-American and White students at Stanford University take a verbal test. In one condition, the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence, and in the other condition, the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence. In the former condition, African Americans performed more poorly than did White students because __________.

Tara's boss always calls her "Miss," but refers to his other employees by name. He also goes out of his way to hold open a door for her, and has asked her a number of times to bring in some of her fabulous cookies for the office. Tara is experiencing __________ sexism from her boss.

Consider how realistic conflict theory has played a role in how Chinese immigrants were seen in the U.S. When they were competing with white miners during the gold rush, they were seen __________, but when they were helping construct the transcontinental railroad, they were seen __________.

Carol is standing and talking with colleagues when someone begins talking about a friend who they say is "overweight and lazy." Carol (who is obese) begins to feel that she is being evaluated for her laziness in this conversation. Carol is experiencing __________.

The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his/her identification with a nation, religious, or political group, occupation, or other social affiliation is called a(n) __________.

Amelia is trying hard to explain to Ricardo why women should not be restricted to the home. Even though Ricardo has no firm basis for his beliefs, Amelia's logical arguments fail to persuade him in this case because __________.

Recall that Bridgeman (1981) conducted an experiment with ten-year-old children, half of whom had previously had two months' experience in a jigsaw classroom. In this experiment, she showed the youngsters a cartoon in which a little boy waves goodbye to his father at the airport, receives a package from the postman, and bursts into tears upon finding out that it contains a toy plane. Children who had previously participated in the jigsaw classrooms were more likely to say that the postman would be confused at seeing the boy cry after receiving a present. This reflects the idea that jigsaw groups promote the development of __________.

The extent to which children can develop the ability to see the world from the perspective of __________, there will be profound implications on empathy, generosity, and learning to get along with others.

Tina's dad is a benevolent sexist. He's most likely to approve of which of the following as Tina's choice of major?

Informational attempts to "re-educate" prejudiced people have proved ineffective in large part because __________.

One reason why logical arguments often fail to change stereotypes is that stereotypes are emotion based. The other reason is that ___________.