Exam 1: Introducing Social Psychology

The word "construal" refers to __________.

When Suzie whines in a supermarket, her father gives her candy to keep her quiet. After a while, Suzie whines more often in the market because her father has "rewarded" her whining with candy. This explanation is more compatible with a __________ approach.

Professor Jaffrey believes that children learn to be polite when they are rewarded for saying things like "please" and "thank you." Professor Jaffrey is most likely a __________ psychologist.

From the perspective of Fritz Heider, you're not only reacting to the behavior of your roommate but also __________.

In discussing the issue of parental discipline, which of the following professionals would be LEAST likely to remind parents that it is important to consider how the child views being punished?

Few would disagree that human aggression is a very pressing social problem that leads to violent criminal acts, and that it is important to understand the causes of aggression before we can intervene to reduce it. How would a social psychologist approach this phenomenon? How would a social psychologist's approach differ from the approach of a personality psychologist or a sociologist?

Which of the following psychologists is considered the founding father of modern experimental social psychology?

According to the authors of your text, why did behaviorists not incorporate cognition, thinking, and feeling into their theory?

The tendency most people have to discount situational explanations of behavior in favor of personality characteristics or traits is called the __________.

When Maria's father asks her how her day was at school, she says, "Great!" When he asks for details, she explains that she did well on her spelling test and made a new friend, but injured herself in gym class and was late for soccer practice. Maria's summary of the day's events as "Great!" best exemplifies a __________ perspective.

Marta left a party feeling very upset. Rather than trying to recall each conversation she had during the party, Marta tried to explain her feelings by reflecting on the party as a whole. The process Marta used resembles the approach used by __________ psychologists.

Social psychologists tend to be more focused on __________, and personality psychologists tend to focus more on __________.

Because their intellectual roots lie more in Gestalt psychology than in __________, social psychologists tend to focus less on objective aspects of a social situation and more on __________.

Jordan's lover of four years just left him. He is hurt, angry, and confused, and says to himself, "He never did understand my need for independence." This explanation for the break-up best reflects which human motive?

Dimitri went through a lot of hard work during Basic Training in the Army. At times, drill sergeants yelled at him; he was physically exhausted and emotionally distressed. But, at the end of Basic Training, he felt that joining the Army had been a very good decision. The self-esteem explanation for Dimitri's feelings about Basic Training is that __________.

The behaviorist approach __________.

Behaviorists believe that all learning is a result of __________.

Which of the following is an example of a direct persuasion attempt?

Several presidents have been given conflicting advice during wartime. Some advisers urged the president to pursue a peaceful solution; others urged him to escalate bombing to overcome the enemy. These presidents did not want to go down in history as the first U.S. president to lose a war, so they chose to escalate, thereby prolonging the war. According to your text, this decision was most likely a consequence of the motive to __________.

A behaviorist would be most likely to focus on the role of __________ in influencing behavior.