Question 1

As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the blood is flowing

Accepted Answer

A)  toward the cortex. 
B)  deep into the medulla. 
A)  toward the cortex. 
B)  deep into the medulla.

Question 2

Dehydration results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. 
B)  increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. 
D)  decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. 
A)  increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. 
B)  increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. 
D)  decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.

Question 3

The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of ________ capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  fenestrated 
B)  continuous 
A)  fenestrated 
B)  continuous

Question 4

To calculate GFR, the concentration of a marker molecule is measured in both the blood and the urine, and the total volume of urine produced is also measured. Which of the following sets of results indicates the highest GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  High concentration of the marker in the blood, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the urine 
B)  High concentration of the marker in the urine, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the blood 
C)  High concentration of the marker in the urine, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood 
D)  High concentration of the marker in the blood, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood 
A)  High concentration of the marker in the blood, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the urine 
B)  High concentration of the marker in the urine, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the blood 
C)  High concentration of the marker in the urine, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood 
D)  High concentration of the marker in the blood, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood

Question 5

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron.  
-This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  9

Question 6

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filtration only 
B)  Secretion only 
C)  Reabsorption only 
D)  Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption 
E)  Secretion and reabsorption only 
A)  Filtration only 
B)  Secretion only 
C)  Reabsorption only 
D)  Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption 
E)  Secretion and reabsorption only

Question 7

The kidneys make the final enzyme for synthesis of the hormone ________, which causes increased calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The kidneys make the final enzyme for...

Question 8

Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter. 
C)  relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter. 
D)  relaxation of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter. 
A)  contraction of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter. 
C)  relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter. 
D)  relaxation of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter.

Question 9

Which is not correct regarding the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are two ureteral openings. 
B)  The inferior portion of the bladder is called the apex. 
C)  The mucosa has rugae for distension. 
D)  The peritoneum covers only the superior surface of the bladder. 
A)  There are two ureteral openings. 
B)  The inferior portion of the bladder is called the apex. 
C)  The mucosa has rugae for distension. 
D)  The peritoneum covers only the superior surface of the bladder.

Question 10

Where in the urinary tract is transitional epithelium found?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urinary bladder 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Ureters, urinary bladder, and prostatic urethra 
D)  Ureters 
E)  Ureters and urinary bladder 
A)  Urinary bladder 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Ureters, urinary bladder, and prostatic urethra 
D)  Ureters 
E)  Ureters and urinary bladder

Question 11

Both the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule reside in the cortex of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ________ and its ________ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex; ascending 
B)  cortex; descending 
C)  medulla; ascending 
D)  medulla; descending 
A)  cortex; ascending 
B)  cortex; descending 
C)  medulla; ascending 
D)  medulla; descending

Question 13

Which processes does urea undergo within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted. 
B)  It is filtered and can be reabsorbed and secreted. 
C)  It is filtered and can also be secreted but not reabsorbed. 
D)  It is not filtered nor reabsorbed but can be secreted. 
E)  It is not filtered but can be secreted and reabsorbed. 
A)  It is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted. 
B)  It is filtered and can be reabsorbed and secreted. 
C)  It is filtered and can also be secreted but not reabsorbed. 
D)  It is not filtered nor reabsorbed but can be secreted. 
E)  It is not filtered but can be secreted and reabsorbed.

Question 14

Blood pressure in the glomerulus is ________ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; afferent 
B)  higher; efferent 
C)  lower; afferent 
D)  lower; efferent 
A)  higher; afferent 
B)  higher; efferent 
C)  lower; afferent 
D)  lower; efferent

Question 15

The concave medial border of the kidney is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concave medial border of the kidney...

Question 16

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule. 
E)  afferent arteriole. 
A)  renal artery. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule. 
E)  afferent arteriole.

Question 18

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Segmental artery - interlobar artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery 
B)  Interlobar artery - segmental artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery 
C)  Renal artery - interlobar artery - segmental artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery 
D)  Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery 
E)  Arcuate artery - interlobular artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - renal artery 
A)  Segmental artery - interlobar artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery 
B)  Interlobar artery - segmental artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery 
C)  Renal artery - interlobar artery - segmental artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery 
D)  Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery 
E)  Arcuate artery - interlobular artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - renal artery

Question 19

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  primary active transport by means of a protein pump. 
B)  osmosis through aquaporins. 
C)  secondary active transport by means of a sodium-water symporter. 
D)  bulk transport by means of endocytosis. 
A)  primary active transport by means of a protein pump. 
B)  osmosis through aquaporins. 
C)  secondary active transport by means of a sodium-water symporter. 
D)  bulk transport by means of endocytosis.

Question 20

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  are completely secreted. 
B)  are completely reabsorbed. 
C)  have half of their plasma concentration secreted. 
D)  have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed. 
E)  have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum. 
A)  are completely secreted. 
B)  are completely reabsorbed. 
C)  have half of their plasma concentration secreted. 
D)  have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed. 
E)  have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum.

Exam 24: Urinary System

As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the blood is flowing

Dehydration results in

The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of ________ capillaries.

To calculate GFR, the concentration of a marker molecule is measured in both the blood and the urine, and the total volume of urine produced is also measured. Which of the following sets of results indicates the highest GFR?

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. -This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis?

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule?

The kidneys make the final enzyme for synthesis of the hormone ________, which causes increased calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves

Which is not correct regarding the urinary bladder?

Where in the urinary tract is transitional epithelium found?

Both the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule reside in the cortex of the kidney.

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ________ and its ________ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

Which processes does urea undergo within the kidney?

Blood pressure in the glomerulus is ________ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles.

The concave medial border of the kidney is called the ________.

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle.

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid

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Filters

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the and its limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

Blood pressure in the glomerulus is than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of arterioles.