Question 1

PTSD appears to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  extremely common in people who have experienced traumatic events. 
B)  dependent on individual factors that influence vulnerability to PTSD. 
C)  reduced in nearly everyone who is the recipient of an intervention after a traumatic event. 
D)  common, even in people who have not experienced traumatic events. 
A)  extremely common in people who have experienced traumatic events. 
B)  dependent on individual factors that influence vulnerability to PTSD. 
C)  reduced in nearly everyone who is the recipient of an intervention after a traumatic event. 
D)  common, even in people who have not experienced traumatic events.

Question 2

The part of the brain that mediates learning about contextual information is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  frontal lobes. 
D)  hippocampus. 
A)  amygdala. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  frontal lobes. 
D)  hippocampus.

Question 3

Memories for highly emotional events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11 are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  mood-congruent memories. 
B)  episodic memories. 
C)  flashbulb memories. 
D)  false memories. 
A)  mood-congruent memories. 
B)  episodic memories. 
C)  flashbulb memories. 
D)  false memories.

Question 4

The defense membrane used by the brain that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine block. 
B)  stress hormone. 
C)  blood-brain barrier. 
D)  norepinephrine block. 
A)  epinephrine block. 
B)  stress hormone. 
C)  blood-brain barrier. 
D)  norepinephrine block.

Question 5

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  motor 
C)  conscious 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  physiological 
B)  motor 
C)  conscious 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

An excessive and irrational fear of an object, place, or situation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  depression. 
B)  a phobia. 
C)  learned helplessness. 
D)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
A)  depression. 
B)  a phobia. 
C)  learned helplessness. 
D)  posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 7

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C)  people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D)  people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
A)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B)  PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C)  people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D)  people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD.

Question 8

During a state of arousal:

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion speeds up. 
B)  heart rate slows down. 
C)  pain is suppressed. 
D)  blood glucose decreases. 
A)  digestion speeds up. 
B)  heart rate slows down. 
C)  pain is suppressed. 
D)  blood glucose decreases.

Question 9

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the avoidance response should extinguish easily, but it does not. 
B)  the avoidance response should be hard to extinguish, but it is easy to extinguish. 
C)  it is usually too hard for an organism to learn a conditioned emotional response. 
D)  classical and operant conditioning cannot both operate at the same time. 
A)  the avoidance response should extinguish easily, but it does not. 
B)  the avoidance response should be hard to extinguish, but it is easy to extinguish. 
C)  it is usually too hard for an organism to learn a conditioned emotional response. 
D)  classical and operant conditioning cannot both operate at the same time.

Question 10

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

Describe the trauma that occur

Question 11

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

Accepted Answer

Discuss the presentation of su

Question 12

A classical-conditioning explanation for PTSD suggests that PTSD patients:

Accepted Answer

A)  take longer to extinguish a CR. 
B)  fail to acquire CS-US associations. 
C)  extinguish the CR more quickly. 
D)  are slower to acquire CS-US associations. 
A)  take longer to extinguish a CR. 
B)  fail to acquire CS-US associations. 
C)  extinguish the CR more quickly. 
D)  are slower to acquire CS-US associations.

Question 13

Whenever a child has a tantrum, his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and close the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned escape. 
B)  learned helplessness. 
C)  conditioned avoidance. 
D)  perseveration. 
A)  conditioned escape. 
B)  learned helplessness. 
C)  conditioned avoidance. 
D)  perseveration.

Question 14

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

Accepted Answer

A)  encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives. 
B)  encouraging people to smile, even when they feel sad. 
C)  exposing people to adversities that they can overcome. 
D)  preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges. 
A)  encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives. 
B)  encouraging people to smile, even when they feel sad. 
C)  exposing people to adversities that they can overcome. 
D)  preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges.

Question 15

Hannah successfully solved several problems in her math class. She was then given some very difficult problems that she could not solve. The research on learned helplessness suggests that if Hannah is then given some easier problems to try to solve, she will:

Accepted Answer

A)  try to solve the problems. 
B)  look at the problems but not bother to try solving them. 
C)  avoid looking at the problems altogether. 
D)  ask the teacher for help before trying to solve the problems. 
A)  try to solve the problems. 
B)  look at the problems but not bother to try solving them. 
C)  avoid looking at the problems altogether. 
D)  ask the teacher for help before trying to solve the problems.

Question 16

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  There seem to be many cultural differences in feeling emotions but not in expressing them. 
B)  People have a difficult time recognizing emotions in the faces of people from other cultures. 
C)  Emotions seem to be hardwired although they may be expressed to different degrees. 
D)  People experience very different emotions depending on their culture. 
A)  There seem to be many cultural differences in feeling emotions but not in expressing them. 
B)  People have a difficult time recognizing emotions in the faces of people from other cultures. 
C)  Emotions seem to be hardwired although they may be expressed to different degrees. 
D)  People experience very different emotions depending on their culture.

Question 17

Which statement is an example of a conditioned emotional response?

Accepted Answer

A)  A girl's heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie. 
B)  A boy is startled by a sudden loud noise outside his window on a stormy night. 
C)  A woman screams when she nearly steps on a snake during a mountain hike. 
D)  A child smiles on hearing a funny joke. 
A)  A girl's heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie. 
B)  A boy is startled by a sudden loud noise outside his window on a stormy night. 
C)  A woman screams when she nearly steps on a snake during a mountain hike. 
D)  A child smiles on hearing a funny joke.

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE regarding flashbulb memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  They remain accurate over time. 
B)  It is usually easy to verify the accuracy of flashbulb memories. 
C)  Rehearsing and discussing the event can introduce inaccuracies into the memory. 
D)  People are usually very good at remembering where they first heard about the event. 
A)  They remain accurate over time. 
B)  It is usually easy to verify the accuracy of flashbulb memories. 
C)  Rehearsing and discussing the event can introduce inaccuracies into the memory. 
D)  People are usually very good at remembering where they first heard about the event.

Question 19

High levels of stress hormones:

Accepted Answer

A)  can cause neuronal death in the hippocampus. 
B)  facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP). 
C)  encourage dendritic growth. 
D)  are beneficial for both encoding and retrieval. 
A)  can cause neuronal death in the hippocampus. 
B)  facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP). 
C)  encourage dendritic growth. 
D)  are beneficial for both encoding and retrieval.

Question 20

Suppose one shocks a rat when it enters a corner of a learning chamber. If one injects the rat with epinephrine immediately following the shock, the rat will:

Accepted Answer

A)  enter that corner again and stay in it despite receiving shock. 
B)  enter that corner briefly and then run away from it. 
C)  never enter that corner again. 
D)  wait longer than normal before entering that corner again. 
A)  enter that corner again and stay in it despite receiving shock. 
B)  enter that corner briefly and then run away from it. 
C)  never enter that corner again. 
D)  wait longer than normal before entering that corner again.

PTSD appears to be:

The part of the brain that mediates learning about contextual information is the:

Memories for highly emotional events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11 are known as:

The defense membrane used by the brain that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system is referred to as the:

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

An excessive and irrational fear of an object, place, or situation is called:

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

During a state of arousal:

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

A classical-conditioning explanation for PTSD suggests that PTSD patients:

Whenever a child has a tantrum, his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and close the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming. This is an example of:

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

Hannah successfully solved several problems in her math class. She was then given some very difficult problems that she could not solve. The research on learned helplessness suggests that if Hannah is then given some easier problems to try to solve, she will:

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotions?

Which statement is an example of a conditioned emotional response?

Which statement is TRUE regarding flashbulb memories?

High levels of stress hormones:

Suppose one shocks a rat when it enters a corner of a learning chamber. If one injects the rat with epinephrine immediately following the shock, the rat will:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

PTSD appears to be:

The part of the brain that mediates learning about contextual information is the:

Memories for highly emotional events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11 are known as:

The defense membrane used by the brain that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system is referred to as the:

The fear response involves _____ reactions.

An excessive and irrational fear of an object, place, or situation is called:

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

During a state of arousal:

A problem for the two-factor theory of avoidance learning is that:

How can classical conditioning principles explain why people experience posttraumatic stress disorder?

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

A classical-conditioning explanation for PTSD suggests that PTSD patients:

Whenever a child has a tantrum, his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and close the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming. This is an example of:

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

Hannah successfully solved several problems in her math class. She was then given some very difficult problems that she could not solve. The research on learned helplessness suggests that if Hannah is then given some easier problems to try to solve, she will:

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotions?

Which statement is an example of a conditioned emotional response?

Which statement is TRUE regarding flashbulb memories?

High levels of stress hormones:

Suppose one shocks a rat when it enters a corner of a learning chamber. If one injects the rat with epinephrine immediately following the shock, the rat will:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters