Question 1

The class of FISH probe best able to identify a microdeletion in a cell population is

Accepted Answer

A) Class I. 
B) Class II. 
C) Class III. 
D) Class IV. 
A) Class I. 
B) Class II. 
C) Class III. 
D) Class IV.

Question 2

When FISH protocols call for the use of "aged" slides of cells, how can this be accomplished?

Accepted Answer

A) Baking slides at 60° C for 4-16 hours. 
B) Soaking slides in pH 7.0 TRIS buffer and 1% ethanol. 
C) Washing slides in pH 6.5 normal saline followed by 1% methanol. 
D) Freezing slides at - 70° C for 1 week prior to analysis. 
A) Baking slides at 60° C for 4-16 hours. 
B) Soaking slides in pH 7.0 TRIS buffer and 1% ethanol. 
C) Washing slides in pH 6.5 normal saline followed by 1% methanol. 
D) Freezing slides at - 70° C for 1 week prior to analysis.

Question 3

Even small alterations of subtelomeric regions can cause grossly abnormal phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is (are)findings/theories regarding contiguous gene syndromes discussed by Lupski?

Accepted Answer

A) Microdeletions probably occur during the first mitotic stages of the fertilized egg and are thus perpetuated throughout the entire body. 
B) Frequent chromosome areas of microdeletion are sandwiched between areas of high copy repeats. 
C) In theory for every microdeletion identified, there should be a corresponding microduplication. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Microdeletions probably occur during the first mitotic stages of the fertilized egg and are thus perpetuated throughout the entire body. 
B) Frequent chromosome areas of microdeletion are sandwiched between areas of high copy repeats. 
C) In theory for every microdeletion identified, there should be a corresponding microduplication. 
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Fusion probes are typically used to detect

Accepted Answer

A) microduplications. 
B) translocations in which genetic areas are split apart. 
C) translocations in which genetic areas are brought together. 
D) aneuploidies. 
E) microdeletions. 
A) microduplications. 
B) translocations in which genetic areas are split apart. 
C) translocations in which genetic areas are brought together. 
D) aneuploidies. 
E) microdeletions.

Question 6

An individual who possesses two distinct cell types, each with a different chromosome population, is a genetic ________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual who possesses two distinct cell...

Question 7

In which situation below is FISH not very useful?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic abnormality is unique to a particular family. 
B) Analysis time must be less than one week for results to be clinically useful. 
C) Analysis of telomere region is needed. 
D) Analysis of centromere region is needed. 
E) Cells in the specimen are not viable. 
A) The genetic abnormality is unique to a particular family. 
B) Analysis time must be less than one week for results to be clinically useful. 
C) Analysis of telomere region is needed. 
D) Analysis of centromere region is needed. 
E) Cells in the specimen are not viable.

Question 8

The chromosomes from cultured cells are prepared as "spreads" on a slide for classic cytogenetic analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is(are)capability(s)of FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization)?

Accepted Answer

A) Localize a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
B) Identify the presence or absence of a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
C) Analysis of either interphase or metaphase cells. 
D) Determine the number of copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Localize a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
B) Identify the presence or absence of a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
C) Analysis of either interphase or metaphase cells. 
D) Determine the number of copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence. 
E) All of the above.

Question 10

What is the function of modified Carnoy's solution (3:1 methanol: glacial acetic acid)in preparing cells for classic cytogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibit mitosis and arrest cells at metaphase. 
B) Act as a fixative and promote cell adherence to a slide. 
C) Lyse red blood cells and expand the volume of nucleated cells. 
D) Provide proper pH and cell stabilizers for cell growth in culture. 
E) Dehydrate the chromosomes. 
A) Inhibit mitosis and arrest cells at metaphase. 
B) Act as a fixative and promote cell adherence to a slide. 
C) Lyse red blood cells and expand the volume of nucleated cells. 
D) Provide proper pH and cell stabilizers for cell growth in culture. 
E) Dehydrate the chromosomes.

Question 11

Expression of Her2/neu in malignant cells is important prognostic information in

Accepted Answer

A) prostate cancer. 
B) breast cancer. 
C) colon cancer. 
D) lung cancer. 
E) leukemia. 
A) prostate cancer. 
B) breast cancer. 
C) colon cancer. 
D) lung cancer. 
E) leukemia.

Question 12

Of the disorders listed below, classic cytogenetics most poorly detects

Accepted Answer

A) extra chromosomes. 
B) gene rearrangements. 
C) chromosome translocations. 
D) chromosome deletions. 
A) extra chromosomes. 
B) gene rearrangements. 
C) chromosome translocations. 
D) chromosome deletions.

Question 13

Which of the following will denature target DNA in a FISH procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) 70% formamide 
B) 73° C for 2-3 minutes 
C) 300 mM NaCl, 30 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0 
D) All of the above combined 
A) 70% formamide 
B) 73° C for 2-3 minutes 
C) 300 mM NaCl, 30 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0 
D) All of the above combined

Question 14

In terms of disease prevalence and detection capability, cytogenetic and FISH analysis of prenatal specimens mostly detect

Accepted Answer

A) microdeletions. 
B) aneuploidies. 
C) microduplications. 
D) translocations. 
A) microdeletions. 
B) aneuploidies. 
C) microduplications. 
D) translocations.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes uniparental disomy?

Accepted Answer

A) Since the normal amount of DNA is present, there are no diseases associated with uniparental disomy. 
B) It is best detected using whole paint chromosome FISH analysis. 
C) It is a situation in which an individual inherits both chromosomes of a particular pair from one parent. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Since the normal amount of DNA is present, there are no diseases associated with uniparental disomy. 
B) It is best detected using whole paint chromosome FISH analysis. 
C) It is a situation in which an individual inherits both chromosomes of a particular pair from one parent. 
D) All of the above.

Question 16

List at least five criteria for quality control and assurance of FISH procedures.

Accepted Answer

1. Technologists should agree on blinded

Question 17

After target DNA is denatured for a FISH procedure, the denatured state is maintained by washing the slides in cold ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After target DNA is denatured for a...

Question 18

In order for a probe to bind in FISH, the target DNA must be in single- stranded form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is FALSE regarding incident light fluorescent microscopes?

Accepted Answer

A) A condenser is not necessary. 
B) The light source is positioned below the specimen. 
C) Two filters are required, one for the excitation wavelength and one for the emission wavelength. 
D) Fluorescent signals are stronger than those viewed with transmitted light fluorescent microscopes. 
E) Mercury vapor lamps are common light sources. 
A) A condenser is not necessary. 
B) The light source is positioned below the specimen. 
C) Two filters are required, one for the excitation wavelength and one for the emission wavelength. 
D) Fluorescent signals are stronger than those viewed with transmitted light fluorescent microscopes. 
E) Mercury vapor lamps are common light sources.

Question 20

If cells are not perfectly flat on a prepared slide, the hybridization efficiency in FISH procedures suffers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The class of FISH probe best able to identify a microdeletion in a cell population is

When FISH protocols call for the use of "aged" slides of cells, how can this be accomplished?

Even small alterations of subtelomeric regions can cause grossly abnormal phenotypes.

Which of the following is (are)findings/theories regarding contiguous gene syndromes discussed by Lupski?

Fusion probes are typically used to detect

An individual who possesses two distinct cell types, each with a different chromosome population, is a genetic ________ .

In which situation below is FISH not very useful?

The chromosomes from cultured cells are prepared as "spreads" on a slide for classic cytogenetic analysis.

Which of the following is(are)capability(s)of FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization)?

What is the function of modified Carnoy's solution (3:1 methanol: glacial acetic acid)in preparing cells for classic cytogenetic analysis?

Expression of Her2/neu in malignant cells is important prognostic information in

Of the disorders listed below, classic cytogenetics most poorly detects

Which of the following will denature target DNA in a FISH procedure?

In terms of disease prevalence and detection capability, cytogenetic and FISH analysis of prenatal specimens mostly detect

Which of the following best describes uniparental disomy?

List at least five criteria for quality control and assurance of FISH procedures.

After target DNA is denatured for a FISH procedure, the denatured state is maintained by washing the slides in cold ________.

In order for a probe to bind in FISH, the target DNA must be in single- stranded form.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding incident light fluorescent microscopes?

If cells are not perfectly flat on a prepared slide, the hybridization efficiency in FISH procedures suffers.

What Is Immunology

Overview of the Immune System

Immunoglobulins

Infection and Immunity: Hostparasite Relationships

The Complement System

Hypersensitivity

Immunologic Detection of Infectious Diseases

Autoimmune Diseases and Immunodeficiency Disorders

Transplant Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry

Hybridization Techniques

Amplification Techniques

Histocompatibility Laboratory Techniques and Applications

Filters

Exam 14: Molecular Applications in Cytogenetics

The class of FISH probe best able to identify a microdeletion in a cell population is

When FISH protocols call for the use of "aged" slides of cells, how can this be accomplished?

Even small alterations of subtelomeric regions can cause grossly abnormal phenotypes.

Which of the following is (are)findings/theories regarding contiguous gene syndromes discussed by Lupski?

Fusion probes are typically used to detect

An individual who possesses two distinct cell types, each with a different chromosome population, is a genetic ________ .

In which situation below is FISH not very useful?

The chromosomes from cultured cells are prepared as "spreads" on a slide for classic cytogenetic analysis.

Which of the following is(are)capability(s)of FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization)?

What is the function of modified Carnoy's solution (3:1 methanol: glacial acetic acid)in preparing cells for classic cytogenetic analysis?

Expression of Her2/neu in malignant cells is important prognostic information in

Of the disorders listed below, classic cytogenetics most poorly detects

Which of the following will denature target DNA in a FISH procedure?

In terms of disease prevalence and detection capability, cytogenetic and FISH analysis of prenatal specimens mostly detect

Which of the following best describes uniparental disomy?

List at least five criteria for quality control and assurance of FISH procedures.

After target DNA is denatured for a FISH procedure, the denatured state is maintained by washing the slides in cold ________.

In order for a probe to bind in FISH, the target DNA must be in single- stranded form.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding incident light fluorescent microscopes?

If cells are not perfectly flat on a prepared slide, the hybridization efficiency in FISH procedures suffers.

What Is Immunology

Overview of the Immune System

Immunoglobulins

Infection and Immunity: Hostparasite Relationships

The Complement System

Hypersensitivity

Immunologic Detection of Infectious Diseases

Autoimmune Diseases and Immunodeficiency Disorders

Transplant Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry

Hybridization Techniques

Amplification Techniques

Histocompatibility Laboratory Techniques and Applications

Filters