Question 1

A callus is a mass of bone and cartilage that

Accepted Answer

A)  is involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
B)  forms after a bone breaks. 
C)  thickens the fibrous structure of a muscle. 
D)  is a form of bone cancer. 
A)  is involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. 
B)  forms after a bone breaks. 
C)  thickens the fibrous structure of a muscle. 
D)  is a form of bone cancer.

Question 2

Cnidarians have what type of skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrostatic skeleton 
B)  They donʹt have a skeleton 
C)  Exoskeleton 
D)  Endoskeleton 
A)  Hydrostatic skeleton 
B)  They donʹt have a skeleton 
C)  Exoskeleton 
D)  Endoskeleton

Question 3

Based on this figure, the____________ inserts into the patella.

Accepted Answer

A)  deltoid 
B)  quadriceps 
C)  gastrocnemius 
D)  coccyx 
E)  rectus abdominus 
A)  deltoid 
B)  quadriceps 
C)  gastrocnemius 
D)  coccyx 
E)  rectus abdominus

Question 4

Motor units are all of the sarcomeres that make up a muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Describe some of the important functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton.

Accepted Answer

The vertebrate endoskeleton allows locom

Question 6

Where are the largest motor units in human muscles located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leg muscles 
B)  Muscles of the face 
C)  Arm muscles 
D)  Muscles in the hand 
A)  Leg muscles 
B)  Muscles of the face 
C)  Arm muscles 
D)  Muscles in the hand

Question 7

How would a calcium deficiency affect the process of skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin heads would not bind to actin efficiently. 
B)  The action potential would be blocked from entering the muscle fiber. 
C)  The myosin heads would remain attached to actin molecules. 
D)  Skeletal muscles would not be able to utilize ATP as a source of fuel. 
A)  Myosin heads would not bind to actin efficiently. 
B)  The action potential would be blocked from entering the muscle fiber. 
C)  The myosin heads would remain attached to actin molecules. 
D)  Skeletal muscles would not be able to utilize ATP as a source of fuel.

Question 8

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are made up of repeating units called

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor units. 
C)  fibers. 
D)  sarcomeres. 
E)  Z lines. 
A)  T tubules. 
B)  motor units. 
C)  fibers. 
D)  sarcomeres. 
E)  Z lines.

Question 9

When a muscle fiber receives an action potential from a neuron, how many sarcomeres in the fiber contract?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number that contracts is inversely proportional to the strength of the action potential. 
B)  The number that contracts is directly proportional to the strength of the action potential. 
C)  All of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract. 
D)  Approximately one half of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract. 
A)  The number that contracts is inversely proportional to the strength of the action potential. 
B)  The number that contracts is directly proportional to the strength of the action potential. 
C)  All of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract. 
D)  Approximately one half of the sarcomeres in the fiber contract.

Question 10

Describe the differences between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

Slow-twitch muscles fibers do not contra

Question 11

What would happen to a person who was poisoned with a chemical that blocks the production of neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The muscles would be unable to contract. 
B)  The sarcoplasmic reticulum would release sodium ions instead of calcium ions. 
C)  The personʹs muscles would contract uncontrollably. 
D)  The muscles would swell. 
A)  The muscles would be unable to contract. 
B)  The sarcoplasmic reticulum would release sodium ions instead of calcium ions. 
C)  The personʹs muscles would contract uncontrollably. 
D)  The muscles would swell.

Question 12

Bones store calcium and

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  manganese. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  phosphorus. 
B)  glycogen. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  manganese. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 13

Many people hope that they will one day be able to travel into space for extended periods of time. What are the health risks to the bones and muscles of those people interested in such ʺspace vacationsʺ?

Accepted Answer

Under weightless conditions, space trave

Question 14

Which of the following would be composed of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscles that allow you to cross your eyes 
B)  Muscles of the uterus 
C)  Ventricles of the heart 
D)  Quadriceps (leg muscle) 
A)  Muscles that allow you to cross your eyes 
B)  Muscles of the uterus 
C)  Ventricles of the heart 
D)  Quadriceps (leg muscle)

Question 15

This figure illustrates what type of joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Suture 
B)  Hinge 
C)  Ball-and-socket 
D)  Plane 
A)  Suture 
B)  Hinge 
C)  Ball-and-socket 
D)  Plane

Question 16

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the major knee joint ligaments in humans, and damage to this ligament is fairly common in athletes. An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury but can also result from accidents, falls, and work-related injuries. Most sports-related ACL tears occur when a person pivots or lands from a jump. Based on this information as well as your knowledge of ligaments, which of the following occurs in an athlete who has a torn ACL?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inability to relax the quadriceps 
B)  Instability or weakness of the knee joint 
C)  Inability to contract the quadriceps 
D)  Rapid firing of all the neurons involved in the affected motor unit 
A)  Inability to relax the quadriceps 
B)  Instability or weakness of the knee joint 
C)  Inability to contract the quadriceps 
D)  Rapid firing of all the neurons involved in the affected motor unit

Question 17

Describe the functions of the three types of bone cells.

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts tunnel through (or dissolve)

Question 18

What are tendons?

Accepted Answer

the tough connective

Question 19

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have the greatest bone density?

Accepted Answer

A)  A computer programmer 
B)  A person who has been chronically ill and in bed 
C)  A person who walks 30 minutes a day 
D)  An astronaut who has been in space for an extended time 
A)  A computer programmer 
B)  A person who has been chronically ill and in bed 
C)  A person who walks 30 minutes a day 
D)  An astronaut who has been in space for an extended time

Question 20

In light of the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction, what happens to a person who is deficient in dietary calcium?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness occurs due to an inabili

Exam 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

A callus is a mass of bone and cartilage that

Cnidarians have what type of skeleton?

Based on this figure, the____________ inserts into the patella.

Motor units are all of the sarcomeres that make up a muscle fiber.

Describe some of the important functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton.

Where are the largest motor units in human muscles located?

How would a calcium deficiency affect the process of skeletal muscle contraction?

The myofibrils of skeletal muscle are made up of repeating units called

When a muscle fiber receives an action potential from a neuron, how many sarcomeres in the fiber contract?

Describe the differences between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

What would happen to a person who was poisoned with a chemical that blocks the production of neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions?

Bones store calcium and

Many people hope that they will one day be able to travel into space for extended periods of time. What are the health risks to the bones and muscles of those people interested in such ʺspace vacationsʺ?

Which of the following would be composed of smooth muscle?

This figure illustrates what type of joint?

Describe the functions of the three types of bone cells.

What are tendons?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have the greatest bone density?

In light of the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction, what happens to a person who is deficient in dietary calcium?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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