Question 1

You are quite sure that it rains every time you wash your car.In fact,this is probably not true,but it is most related to which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness 
B) base-rate 
C) avoiding risk 
D) availability 
A) representativeness 
B) base-rate 
C) avoiding risk 
D) availability

Question 2

Noam Chomsky has called the rules that we learn for making and interpreting sentences __________ grammar.
transformational

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noam Chomsky has called the rules that...

Question 3

Subjects in an experiment were shown photographs of a scene and were asked to identify the scene.Some subjects were shown two versions (the first one extremely out of focus and the second slightly out of focus)while others saw only the second,slightly blurry photo.What were the results and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Subjects who saw both pictures were better at identifying the second because they formed hypotheses about the first one. 
B) Subjects who saw both pictures were worse at identifying the second because they formed hypotheses about the first one. 
C) Subjects who saw both pictures were worse at identifying the second because viewing the first briefly interfered with their ability to focus their eyes. 
D) All subjects were equally able to identify the context of the second photo,regardless of whether or not they had seen the extremely blurry version. 
A) Subjects who saw both pictures were better at identifying the second because they formed hypotheses about the first one. 
B) Subjects who saw both pictures were worse at identifying the second because they formed hypotheses about the first one. 
C) Subjects who saw both pictures were worse at identifying the second because viewing the first briefly interfered with their ability to focus their eyes. 
D) All subjects were equally able to identify the context of the second photo,regardless of whether or not they had seen the extremely blurry version.

Question 4

In a wide variety of fields,including chess and violin,the key to becoming an expert is

Accepted Answer

A) to have a better-than-average memory and overall intelligence. 
B) to be born with a brain specially adapted to the field. 
C) a well-rounded personality. 
D) about ten years of careful practice. 
A) to have a better-than-average memory and overall intelligence. 
B) to be born with a brain specially adapted to the field. 
C) a well-rounded personality. 
D) about ten years of careful practice.

Question 5

The presentation of previous stimuli that facilitates one to think of a certain object or concept is called?

Accepted Answer

A) priming. 
B) categorization facilitation. 
C) cognitive facilitation. 
D) hindsight bias. 
A) priming. 
B) categorization facilitation. 
C) cognitive facilitation. 
D) hindsight bias.

Question 6

The gradual development of expertise in a given field requires an increase in

Accepted Answer

A) working memory. 
B) short-term memory capacity. 
C) fluid intelligence. 
D) crystallized intelligence. 
A) working memory. 
B) short-term memory capacity. 
C) fluid intelligence. 
D) crystallized intelligence.

Question 7

In an experiment a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word "legislatures" in a sentence the subjects were listening to.The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) we first hear each letter separately,then combine them into words. 
B) we hear words as a whole,rather than a group of separate sounds (letters). 
C) we interpret words independently of their context. 
D) we block from consciousness any word that does not make sense in a sentence. 
A) we first hear each letter separately,then combine them into words. 
B) we hear words as a whole,rather than a group of separate sounds (letters). 
C) we interpret words independently of their context. 
D) we block from consciousness any word that does not make sense in a sentence.

Question 8

The basic conclusion about attention from the research on change blindness is that

Accepted Answer

A) our attention seems to be automatically drawn to change. 
B) we are so prepared to detect sameness that we appear incapable of detecting change. 
C) we notice a few details (depending on what we paid attention to)but otherwise we retain the gist of a scene. 
D) attention cannot be studied scientifically in the way that memory can. 
A) our attention seems to be automatically drawn to change. 
B) we are so prepared to detect sameness that we appear incapable of detecting change. 
C) we notice a few details (depending on what we paid attention to)but otherwise we retain the gist of a scene. 
D) attention cannot be studied scientifically in the way that memory can.

Question 9

Most people would prefer to take some action that would save 200 lives than an action that has a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.Which of the following procedures is most likely to get them to change their minds?

Accepted Answer

A) Reframe the question so it asks about avoiding a loss of lives instead of making it possible to save lives. 
B) Tell people to think over their decision for a day or two and talk about it with their friends. 
C) Describe the two actions in more detail so the people understand how the procedures work. 
D) Change the order of the question so that the people hear first about the possibility of a one-third chance of saving 600 lives. 
A) Reframe the question so it asks about avoiding a loss of lives instead of making it possible to save lives. 
B) Tell people to think over their decision for a day or two and talk about it with their friends. 
C) Describe the two actions in more detail so the people understand how the procedures work. 
D) Change the order of the question so that the people hear first about the possibility of a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.

Question 10

If a deaf child learns neither spoken language nor sign language during childhood,what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) The child continues to be open to learning either spoken or sign language later. 
B) The child can learn sign language later,but not spoken language. 
C) The child will be seriously impaired at learning either kind of language later. 
D) The child will be more likely to be bilingual than monolingual. 
A) The child continues to be open to learning either spoken or sign language later. 
B) The child can learn sign language later,but not spoken language. 
C) The child will be seriously impaired at learning either kind of language later. 
D) The child will be more likely to be bilingual than monolingual.

Question 11

Studies of the brain areas for language in bilingual speakers indicate

Accepted Answer

A) one language is always represented in the left hemisphere and the other in the right. 
B) simple words and phrases are located in the left hemisphere,but more complex words that are learned later in life flow over into the right hemisphere. 
C) both languages are located in the left hemisphere,but most bilingual speakers become left handed. 
D) that bilingual language capacity is neither more nor less lateralized than single language. 
A) one language is always represented in the left hemisphere and the other in the right. 
B) simple words and phrases are located in the left hemisphere,but more complex words that are learned later in life flow over into the right hemisphere. 
C) both languages are located in the left hemisphere,but most bilingual speakers become left handed. 
D) that bilingual language capacity is neither more nor less lateralized than single language.

Question 12

When 2- to 3-year-old children speak,they

Accepted Answer

A) speak better than they understand speech. 
B) seldom say a sentence they have not already heard someone else say. 
C) overgeneralize grammatical rules. 
D) use many verbs but few nouns. 
A) speak better than they understand speech. 
B) seldom say a sentence they have not already heard someone else say. 
C) overgeneralize grammatical rules. 
D) use many verbs but few nouns.

Question 13

The research on teaching language to bonobos suggests that language learning is probably most successful if

Accepted Answer

A) training begins at an early age and proceeds mostly by imitation. 
B) training begins at an early age and relies mostly on classical conditioning. 
C) training begins at an early age and relies mostly on Skinnerian reinforcement. 
D) training waits until the learner is a couple years old,and uses a variety of techniques. 
A) training begins at an early age and proceeds mostly by imitation. 
B) training begins at an early age and relies mostly on classical conditioning. 
C) training begins at an early age and relies mostly on Skinnerian reinforcement. 
D) training waits until the learner is a couple years old,and uses a variety of techniques.

Question 14

When people are made to focus on only one letter in the middle of a sentence,they typically can

Accepted Answer

A) see only that one letter. 
B) see letters and objects to the right of the focus letter,but not to the left of it. 
C) see several letters on both the right and the left of the focus letter. 
D) discover several "layers" of content in the sentences they are viewing. 
A) see only that one letter. 
B) see letters and objects to the right of the focus letter,but not to the left of it. 
C) see several letters on both the right and the left of the focus letter. 
D) discover several "layers" of content in the sentences they are viewing.

Question 15

The ability to find a way to express new ideas or different ways of expressing old ideas demonstrates what feature of language?

Accepted Answer

A) creativity 
B) transformation 
C) exposition 
D) productivity 
A) creativity 
B) transformation 
C) exposition 
D) productivity

Question 16

One factor that sets a limit on the maximum information a speed reader can absorb in a given amount of time is that

Accepted Answer

A) reading more than 4 words per second causes fatigue of neurons in the visual cortex. 
B) reading more than 4 words per second causes fatigue of the eye muscles. 
C) it is impossible to read faster than the muscles of speech can produce the equivalent sounds. 
D) a person can read only about 11 characters in each fixation of the eyes. 
A) reading more than 4 words per second causes fatigue of neurons in the visual cortex. 
B) reading more than 4 words per second causes fatigue of the eye muscles. 
C) it is impossible to read faster than the muscles of speech can produce the equivalent sounds. 
D) a person can read only about 11 characters in each fixation of the eyes.

Question 17

At what age do children begin to make creative,original sentences that they have not heard before?

Accepted Answer

A) around age 6 
B) around age 4 
C) only after they learn the passive voice 
D) about as soon as they can say any sentences at all 
A) around age 6 
B) around age 4 
C) only after they learn the passive voice 
D) about as soon as they can say any sentences at all

Question 18

Edna suffers a stroke and is left with a condition characterized by difficulty recalling the names of objects and impaired comprehension of language.This condition is known as __________ aphasia.

Accepted Answer

A) Wernicke's 
B) Chomsky's 
C) Pinker's 
D) Broca's 
A) Wernicke's 
B) Chomsky's 
C) Pinker's 
D) Broca's

Question 19

You are asked to determine which of two people is an expert chess player.(The other one is a beginner. )You could quickly do so by answering the following question:

Accepted Answer

A) Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged randomly on a chessboard? 
B) Which one can correctly describe the position of the pieces at the beginning of the game? 
C) Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged on the board as they might actually occur during a game? 
D) Which one would prefer to use the white pieces instead of the black pieces? 
A) Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged randomly on a chessboard? 
B) Which one can correctly describe the position of the pieces at the beginning of the game? 
C) Which one is better at memorizing the positions of chess pieces arranged on the board as they might actually occur during a game? 
D) Which one would prefer to use the white pieces instead of the black pieces?

Question 20

Researchers ask a chess expert and an average player to examine chess pieces on a board and memorize the position quickly.Under what circumstances,if any,does the chess expert perform significantly better than the average player?

Accepted Answer

A) Under all circumstances. 
B) Only if the pieces are arranged in a way that occurs in well-played games. 
C) Only if the pieces are arranged in an unusual or haphazard way. 
D) Under no circumstances. 
A) Under all circumstances. 
B) Only if the pieces are arranged in a way that occurs in well-played games. 
C) Only if the pieces are arranged in an unusual or haphazard way. 
D) Under no circumstances.

You are quite sure that it rains every time you wash your car.In fact,this is probably not true,but it is most related to which heuristic?

Noam Chomsky has called the rules that we learn for making and interpreting sentences __________ grammar. transformational

Subjects in an experiment were shown photographs of a scene and were asked to identify the scene.Some subjects were shown two versions (the first one extremely out of focus and the second slightly out of focus)while others saw only the second,slightly blurry photo.What were the results and why?

In a wide variety of fields,including chess and violin,the key to becoming an expert is

The presentation of previous stimuli that facilitates one to think of a certain object or concept is called?

The gradual development of expertise in a given field requires an increase in

In an experiment a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word "legislatures" in a sentence the subjects were listening to.The results of this experiment support the idea that

The basic conclusion about attention from the research on change blindness is that

Most people would prefer to take some action that would save 200 lives than an action that has a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.Which of the following procedures is most likely to get them to change their minds?

If a deaf child learns neither spoken language nor sign language during childhood,what happens?

Studies of the brain areas for language in bilingual speakers indicate

When 2- to 3-year-old children speak,they

The research on teaching language to bonobos suggests that language learning is probably most successful if

When people are made to focus on only one letter in the middle of a sentence,they typically can

The ability to find a way to express new ideas or different ways of expressing old ideas demonstrates what feature of language?

One factor that sets a limit on the maximum information a speed reader can absorb in a given amount of time is that

At what age do children begin to make creative,original sentences that they have not heard before?

Edna suffers a stroke and is left with a condition characterized by difficulty recalling the names of objects and impaired comprehension of language.This condition is known as __________ aphasia.

You are asked to determine which of two people is an expert chess player.(The other one is a beginner. )You could quickly do so by answering the following question:

Researchers ask a chess expert and an average player to examine chess pieces on a board and memorize the position quickly.Under what circumstances,if any,does the chess expert perform significantly better than the average player?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

You are quite sure that it rains every time you wash your car.In fact,this is probably not true,but it is most related to which heuristic?

Noam Chomsky has called the rules that we learn for making and interpreting sentences __________ grammar. transformational

Subjects in an experiment were shown photographs of a scene and were asked to identify the scene.Some subjects were shown two versions (the first one extremely out of focus and the second slightly out of focus)while others saw only the second,slightly blurry photo.What were the results and why?

In a wide variety of fields,including chess and violin,the key to becoming an expert is

The presentation of previous stimuli that facilitates one to think of a certain object or concept is called?

The gradual development of expertise in a given field requires an increase in

In an experiment a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in the word "legislatures" in a sentence the subjects were listening to.The results of this experiment support the idea that

The basic conclusion about attention from the research on change blindness is that

Most people would prefer to take some action that would save 200 lives than an action that has a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.Which of the following procedures is most likely to get them to change their minds?

If a deaf child learns neither spoken language nor sign language during childhood,what happens?

Studies of the brain areas for language in bilingual speakers indicate

When 2- to 3-year-old children speak,they

The research on teaching language to bonobos suggests that language learning is probably most successful if

When people are made to focus on only one letter in the middle of a sentence,they typically can

The ability to find a way to express new ideas or different ways of expressing old ideas demonstrates what feature of language?

One factor that sets a limit on the maximum information a speed reader can absorb in a given amount of time is that

At what age do children begin to make creative,original sentences that they have not heard before?

Edna suffers a stroke and is left with a condition characterized by difficulty recalling the names of objects and impaired comprehension of language.This condition is known as __________ aphasia.

You are asked to determine which of two people is an expert chess player.(The other one is a beginner. )You could quickly do so by answering the following question:

Researchers ask a chess expert and an average player to examine chess pieces on a board and memorize the position quickly.Under what circumstances,if any,does the chess expert perform significantly better than the average player?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Learning

Memory

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters