Exam 2: The Start of Life

The field of behavioural genetics is a combination of psychology and genetics that studies the effects of genetics on behaviour.

What process is used to find genetic defects, and involves taking samples of the hair-like material that surrounds the embryo?

By comparing behaviour within pairs of dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) with that of pairs of monozygotic twins (identical twins), researchers can determine if monozygotic twins are more similar on a particular trait, on average, than dizygotic twins.

What disease, when contracted by a pregnant woman, increases the possibility that the fetus may develop a birth defect?

A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences is called

In __________, a mother voluntarily terminates a pregnancy.

Which hormones are high enough in the mother to cause the uterus to begin periodic contractions?

Children of mothers who are addicted to _____ may be born addicted to the drug and may suffer through the pain of withdrawal.

Any differences in future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to _________ factors.

The average financial costs of medical care for a very-low-birth-weight infant during the first three years of life may be between ______ and ______ times higher than medical costs for a full-term child.

The process of _______ accounts for the replication of most types of cells, so nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote.

The first, and the shortest, stage of the prenatal period is called the ______ stage.

Researchers are 100% confident that differences in behaviours of identical, monozygotic twins are due to differences in their environments.

Tiffany Field's research suggests that infants can discriminate between several basic facial expressions.Which expression is the last to be discriminated by newborns?

Tara has a disorder that is untreatable and produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death.Her diagnosis would be

What type of a physician specializes in delivering babies?

Relatively few traits are governed by a single pair of genes.Most traits are the result of polygenic inheritance.

Even though a child's parents both have the recessive gene for PKU, the child only has a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder.

The researcher Jerome Kagan suggests that Chinese children enter the world temperamentally calmer, and, therefore, Buddhist philosophical notions of serenity are more in tune with their natural inclinations.

The blood disorder hemophilia is an example of a disease that is produced by X-linked genes.