Exam 13: Development of Motivation and Self-Regulation

Primary reinforcers are stimuli or events that:

Some students are at risk for academic failure, and if they do fail, they are apt to be ill-equipped to become productive citizens in the adult world. With the typical characteristics of students at risk in mind, identify five strategies you might use to help such students succeed at school. For each one, describe what you would do in specific and concrete terms.

When 14-year-old Valerie discovers that she's gotten an A on yesterday's assignment, she expresses pride to her teacher and explains that she worked very hard on it. On the way home from school, however, she tells her friends that she didn't put much effort into the assignment at all and so was lucky to get a high grade. How can we best explain Valerie's conflicting statements?

Three of the following homes should promote self-regulation in the children that live there. Which home is least likely to promote self-regulation?

Three of the following concepts reflect some degree of intrinsic motivation. Which one does not?

The four children below are all learning how to play the piano. Which one of them best illustrates the role of value in motivation?

Developmental researchers have discovered that many children become increasingly self-regulating over time. a. Explain what they mean by the term self-regulation. b. Identify a behavior you would like to see children exhibit in an increasingly self-regulated fashion. Then describe three specific strategies you might use to promote their self-regulation. Developmental Trends Table The table below describes the behaviors of children and adolescents at five different age levels. It identifies motives that may be at work, offers suggestions for encouraging productive behavior, or does both. Apply what you've learned about the development of motivation to fill in the empty cells in the table. Observing Motivation in Youngsters' Behaviors

Which one of the following statements best describes vicarious reinforcement?

Three of the following are examples of self-regulation. Which one is not a good example of self-regulation?

Catalina is talking about her experiences in pottery class. "At first I had a really hard time getting the clay centered on the wheel. Then I'd finally get it centered, but the pot would collapse when I tried to pull the walls up. (She laughs.) It was really frustrating, but I just kept practicing over and over. I am doing better now than I did at the beginning of the semester." From her comments, it is clear that Catalan has a:

Three of the following strategies should promote children's motivation in the classroom. With the textbook's discussion of motivation in mind, choose the strategy that is least likely to motivate youngsters to learn and achieve.

A high school auto mechanics teacher wants to increase his female students' self-efficacy for mastering simple car maintenance procedures. He can best do this by:

Which of the following statements most clearly illustrates self-efficacy?

Bill's behaviors in Ms. Kennedy's class are really distracting to other students. For example, he whispers to the boy beside him when Ms. Kennedy is giving directions on how to do an assignment. He flings paper clips at a girl across the room. He makes strange grunting noises that a few classmates find amusing. Ms. Kennedy glares at him or admonishes him whenever he behaves in a distracting way, yet his inappropriate behaviors are increasing rather than decreasing. Which one of the following interpretations best explains why Bill's behaviors are increasing?

Which one of the following is the best example of a student attributing success to an internal factor?

Good grades are reinforcing to some children but not to others. Someone explaining this fact from an operant conditioning perspective would say that good grades are most likely to be reinforcers to children who:

Three of the following strategies are likely to help students at risk stay in school. Which one is unlikely to do so?

In which one of the following situations is a youngster attributing failure to a stable and uncontrollable factor?

Which one of the following statements is most consistent with the textbook's recommendation for describing classroom rules and procedures?

Eileen is reluctant to go out for the school soccer team. Her parents want to enhance her self-confidence about becoming a successful soccer player. Keeping the concept of attributions in mind, the best thing the parents can say to Eileen is: