Question 1

In the pancreas, alpha cells produce the hormone insulin, which lowers blood glucose by increasing the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by most body cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The synthesis of calcitriol, a steroid hormone secreted by the kidney, is dependent on the availability of a related steroid called cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), which may be synthesized in the skin or absorbed from the diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Figure 19.2
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Suprachiasmatic nuclei 
B)  Paraventricular nuclei 
C)  Lateral nuclei 
D)  Supra-optic nuclei 
E)  Pulvinar 
A)  Suprachiasmatic nuclei 
B)  Paraventricular nuclei 
C)  Lateral nuclei 
D)  Supra-optic nuclei 
E)  Pulvinar

Question 4

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

The hypophyseal portal system is the net

Question 5

Prolactin, which is secreted by cells called lactotropes, promotes the development of the mammary glands and the production of milk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 19.1
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreas 
B)  Parathyroid glands 
C)  Thyroid gland 
D)  Kidneys 
E)  Pineal gland 
A)  Pancreas 
B)  Parathyroid glands 
C)  Thyroid gland 
D)  Kidneys 
E)  Pineal gland

Question 7

In menopausal women, there is/are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no change in the concentration of reproductive hormones 
B)  an increase in most tissues' responsiveness to circulating hormones 
C)  a decline in the concentration of reproductive hormones 
D)  no change in most tissues' responsiveness to circulating hormones 
E)  a dramatic increase in the concentration of reproductive hormones 
A)  no change in the concentration of reproductive hormones 
B)  an increase in most tissues' responsiveness to circulating hormones 
C)  a decline in the concentration of reproductive hormones 
D)  no change in most tissues' responsiveness to circulating hormones 
E)  a dramatic increase in the concentration of reproductive hormones

Question 8

Figure 19.2
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary capillary plexus 
B)  Superior hypophyseal artery 
C)  Portal vein 
D)  Hypophyseal vein 
E)  Inferior hypophyseal artery 
A)  Primary capillary plexus 
B)  Superior hypophyseal artery 
C)  Portal vein 
D)  Hypophyseal vein 
E)  Inferior hypophyseal artery

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome in which an underproduction of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  mineralocorticoids 
D)  thymosin 
E)  antidiuretic hormone 
A)  insulin 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  mineralocorticoids 
D)  thymosin 
E)  antidiuretic hormone

Question 10

F cells produce the hormone pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which inhibits gallbladder contractions and regulates the production of some pancreatic enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Figure 19.1
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenal gland 
B)  Pancreas 
C)  Parathyroid glands 
D)  Adipose Tissue 
E)  Thymus 
A)  Adrenal gland 
B)  Pancreas 
C)  Parathyroid glands 
D)  Adipose Tissue 
E)  Thymus

Question 12

Figure 19.1
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

Accepted Answer

A)  Testis 
B)  Prostate 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Penis 
E)  Ureter 
A)  Testis 
B)  Prostate 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Penis 
E)  Ureter

Question 13

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produces which hormone(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine 
B)  cortisol 
C)  androgens 
D)  glucocorticoids 
E)  mineralocorticoids 
A)  norepinephrine 
B)  cortisol 
C)  androgens 
D)  glucocorticoids 
E)  mineralocorticoids

Question 14

Figure 19.1
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thymus 
B)  Digestive tract 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Pancreas 
E)  Spleen 
A)  Thymus 
B)  Digestive tract 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Pancreas 
E)  Spleen

Question 15

Figure 19.3
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Common carotid artery 
B)  Thyrocervical trunk 
C)  Superior thyroid artery 
D)  Superior thyroid vein 
E)  Internal jugular vein 
A)  Common carotid artery 
B)  Thyrocervical trunk 
C)  Superior thyroid artery 
D)  Superior thyroid vein 
E)  Internal jugular vein

Question 16

The T thyrocytes actively transport ________ ions into the cell from the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  iodide 
C)  sodium 
D)  thymopoeitin 
E)  calcium 
A)  potassium 
B)  iodide 
C)  sodium 
D)  thymopoeitin 
E)  calcium

Question 17

The adrenal gland is firmly attached to the superior border of each kidney by a dense, fibrous capsule; and can be divided structurally and functionally into a superficial cortex and an inner medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Figure 19.2
   
Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Supra-optic nuclei 
B)  Anterior nuclei 
C)  Optic chiasm 
D)  Paraventricular nuclei 
E)  Suprachiasmatic nuclei 
A)  Supra-optic nuclei 
B)  Anterior nuclei 
C)  Optic chiasm 
D)  Paraventricular nuclei 
E)  Suprachiasmatic nuclei

Question 19

Hormones influence cellular operations by changing the types, activities, or quantities of key cytoplasmic enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the production of ________ hormone in this organ ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitriol; kidneys 
B)  thymosins; thymus gland 
C)  thyroxine; thyroid gland 
D)  calcitonin; thyroid gland 
E)  triiodothyronine; thyroid gland 
A)  calcitriol; kidneys 
B)  thymosins; thymus gland 
C)  thyroxine; thyroid gland 
D)  calcitonin; thyroid gland 
E)  triiodothyronine; thyroid gland

Exam 19: The Endocrine System

In the pancreas, alpha cells produce the hormone insulin, which lowers blood glucose by increasing the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by most body cells.

The synthesis of calcitriol, a steroid hormone secreted by the kidney, is dependent on the availability of a related steroid called cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), which may be synthesized in the skin or absorbed from the diet.

Figure 19.2 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

Prolactin, which is secreted by cells called lactotropes, promotes the development of the mammary glands and the production of milk.

Figure 19.1 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.

In menopausal women, there is/are ________.

Figure 19.2 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.

Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome in which an underproduction of ________ exists.

F cells produce the hormone pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which inhibits gallbladder contractions and regulates the production of some pancreatic enzymes.

Figure 19.1 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

Figure 19.1 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produces which hormone(s)?

Figure 19.1 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

Figure 19.3 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

The T thyrocytes actively transport ________ ions into the cell from the interstitial fluid.

The adrenal gland is firmly attached to the superior border of each kidney by a dense, fibrous capsule; and can be divided structurally and functionally into a superficial cortex and an inner medulla.

Figure 19.2 Using the figure above, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Hormones influence cellular operations by changing the types, activities, or quantities of key cytoplasmic enzymes.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the production of ________ hormone in this organ ________.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

Filters

The synthesis of calcitriol, a steroid hormone secreted by the kidney, is dependent on the availability of a related steroid called cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃), which may be synthesized in the skin or absorbed from the diet.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the production of hormone in this organ .