Exam 1: Critical Reasoning and Moral Theory

____ is the willingness to let people do what they wish, as long as there is no overriding justification to do otherwise.

According to ____ we should adopt a set of rules and then violate them only in the case where compelling evidence indicates that utility is increased by such a violation.

Righteous indignation is the relief we feel at someone's deserved good or bad fortune.

____ is the technique of argumentaiton most often used in legal reasoning and can, at times, seem to be a rhetorical technique used for twisting the truth rather than establishing it.

____ is the deductive reasoning on which Euclidean geometry is based.

Describe the main difference between deontological ethics theories and consequentialist theories.

____________________ is regarded as the strongest proponent of utilitarianism.

Match each term with the correct statement below. -People are rational beings who wish to promote their own self-interests, and the best way of doing so is to promote the common interests of society

What are the "inherent goods," according to Noddings, Kant, and Utilitarianists?

____ is the set of ethical standards for the followers of a particular religion.

The process of calculating which action will lead to the greatest happiness is sometimes called the ____.

Describe the importance of context when making ethical arguments.

Consequentialism is the theory that states that the end result behind an action, not the motivation behind the action, makes the action either good or bad.

Match each term with the correct statement below. -Treat humans, both yourself and others, always as ends in themselves, and never merely as a means to an end

Match each term with the correct statement below. -Act only according to maxims (principles) that could be adopted as universal laws

Plato was responsible for writing ____, a dialogue from the fourth century BC that asks "is goodness loved by the gods because it is good, or is it good because it is loved by the gods?"

Match each term with the correct statement below. -Focuses on rights, duties, obligations, and rules

What is the basic equation for defining morality?

____ is a consequentialist moral theory that says that the right decision is the one that causes the most happiness.

____ encourages people to help the least fortunate.