Question 1

Which statement is NOT true for urea?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein. 
B)  It is passively reabsorbed at the end of the proximal tubule down a urea concentration gradient created by the osmotic-induced reabsorption of water from the proximal tubule. 
C)  Recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle contributes to medullary hypotonicity. 
A)  It is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein. 
B)  It is passively reabsorbed at the end of the proximal tubule down a urea concentration gradient created by the osmotic-induced reabsorption of water from the proximal tubule. 
C)  Recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle contributes to medullary hypotonicity.

Question 2

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which statement is correct for the ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  It actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  It is highly impermeable to H2O. 
C)  It is always impermeable to H2O. 
D)  Both a and C 
A)  It actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  It is highly impermeable to H2O. 
C)  It is always impermeable to H2O. 
D)  Both a and C

Question 4

What is the normal glucose concentration in the plasma in terms of mg per 100 mL?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  180 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  180

Question 5

Which statement concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  Vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  Fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule. 
A)  Water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  Vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  Fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule.

Question 6

What is the renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  secretion 
C)  reabsorption 
D)  excretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  secretion 
C)  reabsorption 
D)  excretion

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the renal function with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood 
A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood

Question 8

Which substance is NOT normally secreted into the tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  potassium ions 
C)  glucose 
A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  potassium ions 
C)  glucose

Question 9

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

Question 10

What does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  The motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B)  The parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C)  The internal urethral sphincter mechanically opens due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D)  The external urethral sphincter is relaxed. 
A)  The motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B)  The parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C)  The internal urethral sphincter mechanically opens due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D)  The external urethral sphincter is relaxed.

Question 11

Which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
B)  ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. 
C)  If a substance is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR. 
D)  A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs. 
A)  The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
B)  ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. 
C)  If a substance is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR. 
D)  A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

Question 12

In normal conditions,which portion of the renal tubules absorbs the largest amount of sodium?

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending limb of loop of Henle 
C)  ascending limb of loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  descending limb of loop of Henle 
C)  ascending limb of loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Which statement regarding water reabsorption is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B)  It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
A)  It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B)  It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules.

Question 14

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 15

What does filtrate NOT pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capillary pores 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocytes 
D)  filtration slits 
A)  glomerular capillary pores 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  podocytes 
D)  filtration slits

Question 16

What is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  contributing significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume 
B)  acting directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition 
C)  excreting the metabolic waste products 
D)  assisting in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body 
A)  contributing significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume 
B)  acting directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition 
C)  excreting the metabolic waste products 
D)  assisting in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body

Question 17

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which statement concerning the countercurrent system is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of Henle's limb can establish a 1,200 mosm/litre concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability. 
A)  The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of Henle's limb can establish a 1,200 mosm/litre concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability.

Question 19

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺,which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration,but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which statement is NOT true for urea?

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Which statement is correct for the ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron?

What is the normal glucose concentration in the plasma in terms of mg per 100 mL?

Which statement concerning water reabsorption is correct?

What is the renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

MATCHING Match the renal function with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular reabsorption

Which substance is NOT normally secreted into the tubule?

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

What does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Which statement is FALSE?

In normal conditions,which portion of the renal tubules absorbs the largest amount of sodium?

Which statement regarding water reabsorption is NOT true?

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

What does filtrate NOT pass through?

What is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Which statement concerning the countercurrent system is INCORRECT?

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺,which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration,but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 12: The Urinary System

Which statement is NOT true for urea?

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Which statement is correct for the ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron?

What is the normal glucose concentration in the plasma in terms of mg per 100 mL?

Which statement concerning water reabsorption is correct?

What is the renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

MATCHING Match the renal function with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular reabsorption

Which substance is NOT normally secreted into the tubule?

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

What does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Which statement is FALSE?

In normal conditions,which portion of the renal tubules absorbs the largest amount of sodium?

Which statement regarding water reabsorption is NOT true?

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

What does filtrate NOT pass through?

What is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Which statement concerning the countercurrent system is INCORRECT?

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺,which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration,but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters