Question 1

Which statement concerning the respiratory mechanism of pH control is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B)  The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C)  The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defence against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration. 
A)  Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B)  The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C)  The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defence against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration.

Question 2

A person with diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This fluid loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.
The following refer to the of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. By using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all), indicate whether each factor listed
-GFR

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 3

The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major intracellular cation is ____________________....

Question 4

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true concerning interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the largest component of the extracellular fluid. 
B)  It is the true internal environment of the body. 
C)  It represents a larger percentage of total body weight than does intracellular fluid. 
A)  It is the largest component of the extracellular fluid. 
B)  It is the true internal environment of the body. 
C)  It represents a larger percentage of total body weight than does intracellular fluid.

Question 6

What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  to help maintain blood pressure 
B)  to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated 
C)  to prevent fluid shifts between the cells and the extracellular fluid, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink 
D)  to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance 
A)  to help maintain blood pressure 
B)  to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated 
C)  to prevent fluid shifts between the cells and the extracellular fluid, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink 
D)  to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance

Question 7

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3,acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which statement concerning transcellular fluid is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the sum of fluid within all of the cells. 
B)  It consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes, all of which are secreted by specific cells into a particular body cavity to perform a specialized function. 
C)  It is important functionally and plays a crucial role in the body's fluid balance. 
D)  It includes the lymph fluid that returned from the interstitial fluid to the plasma. 
A)  It is the sum of fluid within all of the cells. 
B)  It consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes, all of which are secreted by specific cells into a particular body cavity to perform a specialized function. 
C)  It is important functionally and plays a crucial role in the body's fluid balance. 
D)  It includes the lymph fluid that returned from the interstitial fluid to the plasma.

Question 9

What would be triggered by a drop in arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR 
B)  release of aldosterone 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption 
D)  decreased chloride excretion 
A)  decreased GFR 
B)  release of aldosterone 
C)  increased sodium reabsorption 
D)  decreased chloride excretion

Question 10

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output,a ____________________ balance exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When total body input of a particular...

Question 11

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment?"

Accepted Answer

A)  synovial fluids 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluids 
D)  intracellular fluids 
A)  synovial fluids 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluids 
D)  intracellular fluids

Question 12

Which of the following is not true about the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex 
B)  a shift of fluid out of the vasculature into the interstitial compartment 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid 
A)  increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex 
B)  a shift of fluid out of the vasculature into the interstitial compartment 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid

Question 13

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure

Accepted Answer

A) refers to regulation of ECF volume 
B) refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity 
A) refers to regulation of ECF volume 
B) refers to regulation of ECF osmolarity

Question 15

Given the following information,what is the pH?
Ratio of [HCO₃]/[CO₂] = 20/0.5
PK = 6.1
Log of 10 = 1.0
Log of 20 = 1.3
Log of 40 = 1.6

Accepted Answer

A)  pH = 7.0 
B)  pH = 7.4 
C)  = 7.7 
D)  It is impossible to determine the pH with the information provided. 
A)  pH = 7.0 
B)  pH = 7.4 
C)  = 7.7 
D)  It is impossible to determine the pH with the information provided.

Question 16

Bicarbonate ions that enter the plasma during HCO₃- reabsorption are not the same HCO₃- ions that were filtered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 18

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-compensated respiratory alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
A) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal 
B) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal 
C) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal 
D) [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal 
E) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
F)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
G)[CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
H)[CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
I)[CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 19

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-damage to the respiratory centre

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 20

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation,because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced,decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which statement concerning the respiratory mechanism of pH control is INCORRECT?

The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Which statement is NOT true concerning interstitial fluid?

What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3,acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

Which statement concerning transcellular fluid is correct?

What would be triggered by a drop in arterial blood pressure?

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output,a ____________________ balance exists.

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment?"

Which of the following is not true about the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure

Given the following information,what is the pH? Ratio of [HCO₃]/[CO₂] = 20/0.5 PK = 6.1 Log of 10 = 1.0 Log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6

Bicarbonate ions that enter the plasma during HCO₃- reabsorption are not the same HCO₃- ions that were filtered.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated respiratory alkalosis

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -damage to the respiratory centre

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation,because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced,decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

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Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Which statement concerning the respiratory mechanism of pH control is INCORRECT?

The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Which statement is NOT true concerning interstitial fluid?

What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3,acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

Which statement concerning transcellular fluid is correct?

What would be triggered by a drop in arterial blood pressure?

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output,a ____________________ balance exists.

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment?"

Which of the following is not true about the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure

Given the following information,what is the pH? Ratio of [HCO₃]/[CO₂] = 20/0.5 PK = 6.1 Log of 10 = 1.0 Log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6

Bicarbonate ions that enter the plasma during HCO₃- reabsorption are not the same HCO₃- ions that were filtered.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -compensated respiratory alkalosis

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -damage to the respiratory centre

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation,because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced,decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters