Exam 25: The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year?-old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: · Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL · Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL · Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L · Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L What is his approximate GFR, assuming that he collected all of his urine in the 24-hour period?

Following Questions : Choose the appropriate nephron site in the diagram for each question. -In a person on a very low ( $20 \mathrm { mmol } /$ day $)$ potassium diet, which part of the nephron would be expected to reabsorb the most polassium?

A patient treated chronically with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

Which set of changes would you expect to find after a selective decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance?

The diagrams represent various states of abnormal hydration. In each diagram, the normal state (solid lines) is superimposed on the abnormal state (dashed lines) to illustrate the shifts in the volumes (width of rectangles) and total osmolarities (height of rectangles) of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid compartments. -Which of the diagrams represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of a 2% solution of glucose (molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)?

What is the net renal tubular reabsorption rate of potassium in the patient described in question 8?

Compared with normal conditions, which one of the following sets of changes would you expect to find in a patient with acute proximal tubular necrosis and marked reduction of proximal tubular sodium chloride reabsorption?

Which of the following substances would be filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries?

Which of the following changes would tend to reduce glomerular filtration rate?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following is true regarding intercalated cells in the collecting tubules? A. They secrete $\mathrm { K } ^ { + }$ B. They secrete $\mathrm { H } ^ { + }$ C. They reabsorb $\mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } -$ D. They are highly permeable to urea during antidiuresis E. A and $\mathrm { B }$ F. B and C G. B, C, and D

Long-term administration of furosemide would: A. Inhibit the $\mathrm { Na } ^ { + } - \mathrm { Cl } ^ { - }$ co-transporter in the renal distal tubules B. Inhibit the $\mathrm { Na } ^ { + } - \mathrm { Cl } ^ { - } - \mathrm { K } ^ { + }$ co-transporter in the renal tubules C. Tend to reduce renal concentrating ab ility D. Tend to cause hyperkalemia E. A and C F. B and C G. B, C, and D

The clinical laboratory returns the following arterial blood values for a patient: · pH = 7.2 · plasma HCO3 = 29 mmol/L · plasma pCO2 = 75 mm Hg What is this patient's acid-base disorder?

The diagrams represent various states of abnormal hydration. In each diagram, the normal state (solid lines) is superimposed on the abnormal state (dashed lines) to illustrate the shifts in the volumes (width of rectangles) and total osmolarities (height of rectangles) of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid compartments. -Which of the diagrams would represent the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of 3.0% sodium chloride (molecular weight of dextrose = 58.5 g/mol)?

A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal?

A healthy 24-year-old woman runs a 10k race on a hot day and becomes very dehydrated. Assuming that her antidiuretic hormone levels are very high, in which part of the renal tubule is the most water reabsorbed?

A 55-year-old woman reports recent rapid weight gain and marked fluid retention. Her lab values reveal a plasma protein concentration of 3.3 g percent (normal = 7.0) and her blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. She has 4+ protein in her urine. Which of the following changes would you expect to find compared with normal?

Which set of changes, compared with normal, would you expect to find in a patient with diabetes insipidus due to lack of antidiuretic hormone secretion and who has free access to plenty of water to drink?

In a patient with chronic excess aldosterone secretion (i.e., primary aldosteronism), you would expect to find which one of the following sets of conditions (compared with normal) under steady-state conditions, assuming that intake of electrolytes remained constant?

he diagrams below represent various states of abnormal hydration. In each diagram, the normal state (solid lines) is superimposed on the abnormal state (dashed lines) to illustrate the shifts in the volume (width of rectangles) and total osmolarity (height of rectangles) of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid compartments. -Which of the diagrams represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of a 2% solution of glucose (molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)?