Exam 5: Learning

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Old Spice After Shave was the __________.

Emitted, voluntary behavior is BEST modified by __________.

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on __________.

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of __________ to accomplish this.

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Jenna failed repeatedly in college algebra. Finally, she gave up and was seriously considering dropping out of college. One day, her best friend offered to personally help her if she signed up for college algebra again, but she refused. What concept might explain her reluctance?

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink. He really wants to do it and watches the show intently. He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done. However, when he tests the new sink, water spurts everywhere. Taking the new sink apart, he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show. What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?

Bandura's seminal study of observational learning involved watching children and their interactions with Bobo dolls.

Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries?

Joaquin flinches after seeing lightning because in previous instances the lightning was followed by thunder, which scared him. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as being a(n) __________.

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called __________.

Give an example of each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement, and comment on which schedule would be most likely to result in lasting behavioral change.

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up, even when behaviors are not reinforced, is called __________.

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was the __________.

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

Veronika is just learning to dress herself. At first, her parents call her a "big girl" just for putting on her clothes "frontwards," even if they are not buttoned. Then, they call her a "big girl" if she tries to button them-even if the buttons are not in the right holes. Finally, they call her a "big girl" only if she buttons her clothing correctly. Veronika's parents have been using __________.

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the __________.

Some of the simplest and most basic learning that involves the acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behaviors in the presence of well-defined stimuli is __________.