Question 1

How did the Dutch respond to their decline in international affairs and manufacturing during the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They withdrew completely from international politics and trade and focused exclusively on domestic affairs. 
B)  They began to expand their efforts at settler colonialism, particularly in Africa and North America. 
C)  They shifted their interest away from international power politics and began to focus on areas of trade and finance where they could establish an enduring presence. 
D)  They refocused their energy and monetary resources into the arts, leading to the second golden age of Dutch art. 
A)  They withdrew completely from international politics and trade and focused exclusively on domestic affairs. 
B)  They began to expand their efforts at settler colonialism, particularly in Africa and North America. 
C)  They shifted their interest away from international power politics and began to focus on areas of trade and finance where they could establish an enduring presence. 
D)  They refocused their energy and monetary resources into the arts, leading to the second golden age of Dutch art. C

Question 2

Who was Sir Robert Walpole, what position did he hold, and why was this important for the future of British constitutional government?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. Officially, Sir Robert Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury under George I and George II of England, but in reality, he was Britain's first prime minister. Walpole had been appointed by the king, but he was also a member of the House of Commons, and over the course of his twenty years in office he developed a unique relationship with Parliament, personally guiding through the Commons legislation favored by the king and supported by the Whigs. To ensure that his bills would pass, he distributed lucrative government appointments to his supporters and to their friends and families.

Question 3

Which of the following was characteristic of the rococo style of painting that developed in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  The importance of monumental, emotional grandeur and large-scale works 
B)  A focus on symmetrical shape and simplicity of form 
C)  The depiction of scenes of intimate sensuality and a decorative quality 
D)  The importance of piety and religious themes and an extreme emphasis on detail 
A)  The importance of monumental, emotional grandeur and large-scale works 
B)  A focus on symmetrical shape and simplicity of form 
C)  The depiction of scenes of intimate sensuality and a decorative quality 
D)  The importance of piety and religious themes and an extreme emphasis on detail C

Question 4

The revival of Jansenism, which centered on miracles that allegedly happened at the grave of a Jansenist priest, is evidence of what development within French Catholicism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The desire of ordinary people to connect themselves to what they saw as the direct work of God 
B)  The pope's ongoing attempts to wrest control of the Catholic church in France from the monarchy 
C)  Parisians' general ignorance of most of the basic doctrines of Catholicism 
D)  The Catholic church's reluctance to investigate alleged miracles for fear that doing so would reignite religious hostilities between Protestants and Catholics 
A)  The desire of ordinary people to connect themselves to what they saw as the direct work of God 
B)  The pope's ongoing attempts to wrest control of the Catholic church in France from the monarchy 
C)  Parisians' general ignorance of most of the basic doctrines of Catholicism 
D)  The Catholic church's reluctance to investigate alleged miracles for fear that doing so would reignite religious hostilities between Protestants and Catholics

Question 5

How did Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1694) challenge the subservient roles traditionally ascribed to women?

Accepted Answer

A)  It advocated the founding of a private women's college to remedy women's lack of education. 
B)  It called for sweeping reforms of English divorce and inheritance laws. 
C)  It argued for the establishment of writers' colonies where women could work in peace, free from the constraints of men and family. 
D)  It called for the widespread adoption of contraception and other family planning measures as a way of empowering women. 
A)  It advocated the founding of a private women's college to remedy women's lack of education. 
B)  It called for sweeping reforms of English divorce and inheritance laws. 
C)  It argued for the establishment of writers' colonies where women could work in peace, free from the constraints of men and family. 
D)  It called for the widespread adoption of contraception and other family planning measures as a way of empowering women.

Question 6

What were the consequences of the War of the Spanish Succession?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 7

Children of Spanish men and Indian women were called

Accepted Answer

A)  mestizos. 
B)  caballeros. 
C)  quilombos. 
D)  oroonokos. 
A)  mestizos. 
B)  caballeros. 
C)  quilombos. 
D)  oroonokos.

Question 8

What was one of the most significant steps in Peter the Great's project to Westernize Russia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appointing a chief minister of French origin who managed court affairs, made political appointments, and oversaw mercantile policy 
B)  Making up for the lack of a Russian middle class by encouraging noblewomen to learn foreign languages and become involved in science, education, and trade 
C)  Undertaking extensive colonization efforts in Africa to obtain the raw materials that provided so much of western Europe's wealth 
D)  Founding new technical and scientific schools for elites that were run by Western officials 
A)  Appointing a chief minister of French origin who managed court affairs, made political appointments, and oversaw mercantile policy 
B)  Making up for the lack of a Russian middle class by encouraging noblewomen to learn foreign languages and become involved in science, education, and trade 
C)  Undertaking extensive colonization efforts in Africa to obtain the raw materials that provided so much of western Europe's wealth 
D)  Founding new technical and scientific schools for elites that were run by Western officials

Question 9

After some two hundred years of tolerating and even supporting piracy, why did the English and Dutch governments suddenly try to stamp it out around 1700?

Accepted Answer

A)  It became increasingly hard to retain maritime personnel for the unpleasant work on slave ships when sailors had the option of a more lucrative life as pirates. 
B)  Protestant governments in particular began to look upon their association with such "criminal elements" as antithetical to cherished Christian values. 
C)  The presence of an increasing number of women travelers gave rise to growing clamor for their protection from possible mistreatment by pirates. 
D)  English, Dutch, and French bands of sailors began to form associations of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, that preyed indiscriminately on shipping lines of every national origin. 
A)  It became increasingly hard to retain maritime personnel for the unpleasant work on slave ships when sailors had the option of a more lucrative life as pirates. 
B)  Protestant governments in particular began to look upon their association with such "criminal elements" as antithetical to cherished Christian values. 
C)  The presence of an increasing number of women travelers gave rise to growing clamor for their protection from possible mistreatment by pirates. 
D)  English, Dutch, and French bands of sailors began to form associations of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, that preyed indiscriminately on shipping lines of every national origin.

Question 10

Which of the following best characterizes the process of the Atlantic system during the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slaves were traded from Africa to European nations to work primarily as domestic servants or in factories producing textiles and sewing garments to be sold by department stores. 
B)  Slaves were traded from Africa to colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean, where they worked on plantations producing commodities that were exported to Europe for processing. 
C)  Slaves were traded from Africa to colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean, where they would work for low wages for a set amount of time and then be freed. 
D)  Slaves were traded from Africa to Asia, where they would work as assistants to merchants, helping facilitate trade of porcelain, silk, tea, and spices. 
A)  Slaves were traded from Africa to European nations to work primarily as domestic servants or in factories producing textiles and sewing garments to be sold by department stores. 
B)  Slaves were traded from Africa to colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean, where they worked on plantations producing commodities that were exported to Europe for processing. 
C)  Slaves were traded from Africa to colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean, where they would work for low wages for a set amount of time and then be freed. 
D)  Slaves were traded from Africa to Asia, where they would work as assistants to merchants, helping facilitate trade of porcelain, silk, tea, and spices.

Question 11

What steps did the duke of Orléans (1674-1723), regent to Louis XV, take to shore up France's crumbling finances?

Accepted Answer

A)  He doubled the land tax, leading to widespread protests in rural areas throughout the kingdom. 
B)  He canceled plans for further colonial expeditions in the New World. 
C)  He founded a state bank to help the government service its debt, only to see the bank crash within a few months in the wake of a speculative bubble. 
D)  He imposed high tariffs on British agricultural imports, particularly wool and cotton textiles. 
A)  He doubled the land tax, leading to widespread protests in rural areas throughout the kingdom. 
B)  He canceled plans for further colonial expeditions in the New World. 
C)  He founded a state bank to help the government service its debt, only to see the bank crash within a few months in the wake of a speculative bubble. 
D)  He imposed high tariffs on British agricultural imports, particularly wool and cotton textiles.

Question 12

What sorts of professions made up the developing urban middle classes of the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Landed nobles, political leaders, and high court judges 
B)  Government officials, merchants, professionals, and small landowners 
C)  Artisans, shopkeepers, and those organized in professional guilds 
D)  Journeymen, apprentices, servants, and laborers 
A)  Landed nobles, political leaders, and high court judges 
B)  Government officials, merchants, professionals, and small landowners 
C)  Artisans, shopkeepers, and those organized in professional guilds 
D)  Journeymen, apprentices, servants, and laborers

Question 13

In what ways were social status and circumstances easy to recognize in urban settings?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 14

Which of the following goods played an essential role in the Atlantic economy and the expansion of European consumer society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potatoes 
B)  Wool 
C)  Sugar 
D)  Corn 
A)  Potatoes 
B)  Wool 
C)  Sugar 
D)  Corn

Question 15

What steps did England take to reduce Catholic Ireland to the status of a British colony in the wake of the Jacobite uprising of 1689?

Accepted Answer

A)  England began systematically importing Irish Catholics to work as indentured servants for British families. 
B)  England used Catholic forced labor to exploit Ireland's natural resources without any compensation for the use of land and materials. 
C)  England began sending prisoners to Ireland, using it as a prison colony much like Australia. 
D)  England confiscated Catholic lands and imposed laws limiting the rights of Catholics, including their right to educate their children and participate in politics. 
A)  England began systematically importing Irish Catholics to work as indentured servants for British families. 
B)  England used Catholic forced labor to exploit Ireland's natural resources without any compensation for the use of land and materials. 
C)  England began sending prisoners to Ireland, using it as a prison colony much like Australia. 
D)  England confiscated Catholic lands and imposed laws limiting the rights of Catholics, including their right to educate their children and participate in politics.

Question 16

What state had the best-trained and most up-to-date military force in Europe, despite being smaller than those of its rivals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Great Britain 
B)  Russia 
C)  France 
D)  Prussia 
A)  Great Britain 
B)  Russia 
C)  France 
D)  Prussia

Question 17

How did the Russian tsar Peter the Great's imposition of the Table of Ranks in 1722 affect Russian society?

Accepted Answer

A)  It divided the Russian nobility into compulsory military, administrative, and judicial service categories. 
B)  It assigned a complex hierarchy to the Russian courtiers in his court as a means of regulating their frequently bloody competition for high office. 
C)  It upset the fledgling entrepreneurial class in Russia, encouraging a damaging drain of talent to the West. 
D)  It upset the leaders of the Russian Orthodox church, as it placed the tsar above the church patriarch in both secular and religious matters. 
A)  It divided the Russian nobility into compulsory military, administrative, and judicial service categories. 
B)  It assigned a complex hierarchy to the Russian courtiers in his court as a means of regulating their frequently bloody competition for high office. 
C)  It upset the fledgling entrepreneurial class in Russia, encouraging a damaging drain of talent to the West. 
D)  It upset the leaders of the Russian Orthodox church, as it placed the tsar above the church patriarch in both secular and religious matters.

Question 18

In his 1721 book Persian Letters, the baron of Montesquieu (1689-1755) used what genre of writing to satirically explore good government and morality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dramatic theater 
B)  The serialized novel 
C)  Travel literature 
D)  Literary criticism 
A)  Dramatic theater 
B)  The serialized novel 
C)  Travel literature 
D)  Literary criticism

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the seventeenth-century Protestant revival known as Pietism, which became popular in the German Lutheran states, the Dutch Republic, and Scandinavia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It promoted a fatalist belief in the imminent end of the "corrupt and evil" world by fire. 
B)  It rejected all congregational or group functions, churches, or clerics, advocating a deeply private, individualistic form of prayer and devotion. 
C)  It encouraged a deeply emotional, even ecstatic religious experience as well as participation in daily catechism instruction and frequent prayer meetings. 
D)  It advocated intensive Bible study and the use of reason to suppress unruly emotions and impulses. 
A)  It promoted a fatalist belief in the imminent end of the "corrupt and evil" world by fire. 
B)  It rejected all congregational or group functions, churches, or clerics, advocating a deeply private, individualistic form of prayer and devotion. 
C)  It encouraged a deeply emotional, even ecstatic religious experience as well as participation in daily catechism instruction and frequent prayer meetings. 
D)  It advocated intensive Bible study and the use of reason to suppress unruly emotions and impulses.

Question 20

The 1748 Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, which recognized the right of Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa to inherit Habsburg lands, ended which European war?

Accepted Answer

A)  The War of the Austrian Succession 
B)  The War of the Polish Succession 
C)  The Franco-Prussian War 
D)  The Thirty Years' War 
A)  The War of the Austrian Succession 
B)  The War of the Polish Succession 
C)  The Franco-Prussian War 
D)  The Thirty Years' War

Exam 17: The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

How did the Dutch respond to their decline in international affairs and manufacturing during the eighteenth century?

Who was Sir Robert Walpole, what position did he hold, and why was this important for the future of British constitutional government?

Which of the following was characteristic of the rococo style of painting that developed in the eighteenth century?

The revival of Jansenism, which centered on miracles that allegedly happened at the grave of a Jansenist priest, is evidence of what development within French Catholicism?

How did Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1694) challenge the subservient roles traditionally ascribed to women?

What were the consequences of the War of the Spanish Succession?

Children of Spanish men and Indian women were called

What was one of the most significant steps in Peter the Great's project to Westernize Russia?

After some two hundred years of tolerating and even supporting piracy, why did the English and Dutch governments suddenly try to stamp it out around 1700?

Which of the following best characterizes the process of the Atlantic system during the eighteenth century?

What steps did the duke of Orléans (1674-1723), regent to Louis XV, take to shore up France's crumbling finances?

What sorts of professions made up the developing urban middle classes of the eighteenth century?

In what ways were social status and circumstances easy to recognize in urban settings?

Which of the following goods played an essential role in the Atlantic economy and the expansion of European consumer society?

What steps did England take to reduce Catholic Ireland to the status of a British colony in the wake of the Jacobite uprising of 1689?

What state had the best-trained and most up-to-date military force in Europe, despite being smaller than those of its rivals?

How did the Russian tsar Peter the Great's imposition of the Table of Ranks in 1722 affect Russian society?

In his 1721 book Persian Letters, the baron of Montesquieu (1689-1755) used what genre of writing to satirically explore good government and morality?

Which of the following is true of the seventeenth-century Protestant revival known as Pietism, which became popular in the German Lutheran states, the Dutch Republic, and Scandinavia?

The 1748 Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, which recognized the right of Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa to inherit Habsburg lands, ended which European war?

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

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