Exam 11: The Impact of Science and the Concept of Health on the Theoretical Andprofessional Development of Physical Education: 1885 - 1930

Theoretically, physical education never did embrace the psychosocial and behaviorist goals that were popular with educators during the period from 1917-1930.

Health was especially important for women.

Randolph Fairies reported to the 1894 AAAPE meeting that

The procreative function of women gave them a special need for physical education.

During the Golden Age of Anthropometric Measurement (1885-1900)

According to Wilhelm Wundt, will was related to character in that it was both physically inherited and socially acquired. This was significant to physical education because physical education claimed the expertise to develop strong and healthy people and thereby contribute to the formation of positive character and will.

Which of the following is true?

Physical education prepared women for motherhood; health was essential to that role.

California passed a law in 1866 that required mandatory PE and health instruction. Ohio passed a law in 1892 requiring that physical culture be taught in the state's larger schools. The German Turners pushed hard for this law.

The "Battle of the Systems"

Physical education was not influenced by the 19^th century reform movements that believed in both "physical and moral perfection".

The development of a theoretical basis for physical education was not considered important by AAAPE.

The concept of health by definition during the nineteenth-century required the individual to demonstrate he/she had which of the following?

A strong Social Reformist attitude was one of the primary goals of physical education in the 19^th century.

The belief that physical education was good for both the community and the individual was not important to developing physical education's theory base.

In 1903, Dr. Ernst H. Spooner addressed his peers at a meeting where he voiced his concern that quacks and charlitans with no formal training in physical culture advertise their "expertise" in the public press.

The majority of people who attended the November 27, 1885 meeting were public school teachers, not physicians.

Cultural values of the middle class did not have a significant impact upon the development of the theoretical basis in physical education.

The military draft of World War I had little or no impact upon the development of mandatory PE in the nation's schools.

The female nervous system received a great deal of attention during the latter half of the 19^th century. Dr.E. Clarke believed that the demands of intellectual education (college education) would unduly tax their nervous system causing women to fail. Many of Clarke's contemporaries disagreed with him, however, the inclusion of physical education programs in colleges and universities was in part a response to the concerns voiced by Clarke.