Exam 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth.

Your textbook notes the following three key concepts in biology. For each one, provide a potential real-life example illustrating each of these principles:  "Heredity and environment interact dynamically throughout development."  "Genes can influence the kind of environment to which a person is exposed."  "Environmental influences typically make children within a family different."

Low birth weight can usually be prevented by good _______________ care.

Maricella was born several days ago, and her pediatrician has observed that she has almond-shaped eyes and a fold over her eyelids. In addition, her head, neck, and nose are smaller than other babies of her birth weight. With which of the following conditions would Maricella most likely be diagnosed?

Out of the 200-500 million sperm cells that are released during an ejaculation, only ____ complete the short journey up the Fallopian tubes to where an egg is waiting to be fertilized.

Monozygotic twins are more commonly referred to as _______________ twins, while dizygotic twins are known as _______________ twins.

____ involves mixing sperm and egg cells together in a Petri dish, and then placing several fertilized eggs inside the mother's uterus. The hope is that they will become implanted in the uterine wall and lead to pregnancy.

Marvin has an exceptional amount of skill in athletics. Specifically, he is an extraordinary hockey player. Throughout his life he has chosen circumstances where he would be exposed to peers who also enjoyed hockey, and this has helped him develop opportunities to develop his talent. Marvin has been engaging in

Why is it that 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age of viability" for an unborn child?

A child who is born at a weight of less than 1000 grams would be referred to as having _______________ birth weight.

In which type of prenatal testing is a grainy picture of the fetus generated that allows for identification of the child's position and, at a certain point, its sex?

Only a single sperm cell can successfully make the journey up a woman's Fallopian tube to an unfertilized egg.

The fact that ingestion of nicotine can lead to an increased risk of miscarriage or low birth weight while contracting rubella can cause aberrant development of the eyes, ears, and heart demonstrates that

If you wanted to be very specific, you would say that a tiny cluster of cells at the center of a zygote, called the _______________, is what eventually develops into the baby.

A movement to improve the human species by letting only specific people with desirable characteristics procreate is called _______________.

When the alleles in a pair of chromosomes are the same, they are referred to as heterozygous.

Traits that are controlled by _____ genes are usually "either/or" phenotypes (e.g., being color blind or not being color blind, having a blood clotting disorder or not having a blood clotting disorder).

During the neonatal period, the fertilized egg is transformed into a newborn human.

What is the current status of the use of genetic engineering to help treat illnesses that are caused by defective genes?

During the period of the _______________, the longest stage of prenatal development, the infant reaches the age of viability. After this point in the pregnancy, the child would be capable of surviving outside of the mother's body.

List the different stages (phases) of childbirth and note what occurs to start and end each stage.