Question 1

Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxygen 
D)  lactate 
E)  glucokinase 
A)  ATP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  oxygen 
D)  lactate 
E)  glucokinase B

Question 2

The binding sites of enzymes are

Accepted Answer

A)  products of an enzymatic reaction. 
B)  regions of an enzyme that are involved in bringing substrates together. 
C)  bonds between the substrate and certain amino acids. 
D)  not necessarily involved in a reaction. 
A)  products of an enzymatic reaction. 
B)  regions of an enzyme that are involved in bringing substrates together. 
C)  bonds between the substrate and certain amino acids. 
D)  not necessarily involved in a reaction. B

Question 3

An allosteric modulator binds to

Accepted Answer

A)  a region of the enzyme other than the active site. 
B)  the active site. 
C)  the substrate. 
D)  the product. 
E)  the surrounding tissue. 
A)  a region of the enzyme other than the active site. 
B)  the active site. 
C)  the substrate. 
D)  the product. 
E)  the surrounding tissue. A

Question 4

Transcription of the DNA triplet sequence ATC yields

Accepted Answer

A)  UAG. 
B)  TAG. 
C)  UTC. 
D)  ATC. 
A)  UAG. 
B)  TAG. 
C)  UTC. 
D)  ATC.

Question 5

Following post-translational modification, any misfolded protein will be destroyed by

Accepted Answer

A)  ubiquitin. 
B)  chaperones. 
C)  methylation. 
D)  ribonucleases. 
A)  ubiquitin. 
B)  chaperones. 
C)  methylation. 
D)  ribonucleases.

Question 6

An enzyme that transfers chemical groups among substrates is a

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolase. 
B)  lipase. 
C)  transferase. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  kinase. 
A)  hydrolase. 
B)  lipase. 
C)  transferase. 
D)  ligase. 
E)  kinase.

Question 7

After coming off a ribosome, several things can happen to the newly synthesized protein.Name three.

Accepted Answer

The possible answers include the post-tr

Question 8

Explain how these statements differ, and identify which one(s)is/are correct.Explain what is wrong with each incorrect statement.Explain when chemical reactions continue and when they stop.
A.A chemical reaction proceeds until the enzyme molecules are all consumed.
B.A chemical reaction proceeds until the substrate molecules are all consumed.
C.A chemical reaction proceeds until equilibrium is established.
D.A chemical reaction proceeds until all the product molecules are removed.

Accepted Answer

B and C are correct as written, but B re

Question 9

________ is the process which blocks translation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the process which blocks translation....

Question 10

Aerobic metabolism of glucose

Accepted Answer

A)  requires oxygen. 
B)  produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways. 
C)  is the fastest way to produce glucose. 
D)  requires oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways. 
A)  requires oxygen. 
B)  produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways. 
C)  is the fastest way to produce glucose. 
D)  requires oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways.

Question 11

Match the specific enzyme to its class.
-deaminase

Accepted Answer

A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase 
A) oxidoreductase 
B) hydrolase 
C) transferase 
D) ligase 
E) Lyase

Question 12

Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________....

Question 13

Isozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are enzymes with a slightly different structure that catalyze the same reaction. 
B)  are enzymes with the same structure that catalyze different reactions. 
C)  are inorganic molecules that bind to and thereby activate enzymes. 
D)  are the inactive form of an enzyme. 
A)  are enzymes with a slightly different structure that catalyze the same reaction. 
B)  are enzymes with the same structure that catalyze different reactions. 
C)  are inorganic molecules that bind to and thereby activate enzymes. 
D)  are the inactive form of an enzyme.

Question 14

Explain how enzymes can be useful in the diagnosis of disease, giving specific examples.Is the change in enzyme concentration a direct or indirect result of the disease?

Accepted Answer

Many enzymes are normally present in the

Question 15

Transcription occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  plasma membrane 
A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  plasma membrane

Question 16

Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as ________ by H⁺ ions concentrated in the ________.

Accepted Answer

potential

Question 17

Draw a graph of the free energy of a molecule as a function of time for an exergonic reaction and endergonic reaction.Label on the graph "activation energy" and "net free energy change." How would these reactions be altered by the presence of an enzyme for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

See Figure 4.3 in the chapter.

Question 18

The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called ________.The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteolysis, phosphatase 
B)  phosphorylation, phosphatase 
C)  proteolysis, kinase 
D)  phosphorylation, kinase 
A)  proteolysis, phosphatase 
B)  phosphorylation, phosphatase 
C)  proteolysis, kinase 
D)  phosphorylation, kinase

Question 19

Why is there a range of 30-32 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sometimes the electron transport system is more efficient than other times. 
B)  The NADH molecules produced during glycolysis are in the cytoplasm; occasionally, electrons are carried by the lower energy FADH₂ instead of NADH. 
C)  Individual variation is normal among cells. 
D)  Any of these answers may work under different cellular conditions. 
A)  Sometimes the electron transport system is more efficient than other times. 
B)  The NADH molecules produced during glycolysis are in the cytoplasm; occasionally, electrons are carried by the lower energy FADH₂ instead of NADH. 
C)  Individual variation is normal among cells. 
D)  Any of these answers may work under different cellular conditions.

Question 20

If the enzyme RNA polymerase was completely inhibited within a cell, it could not

Accepted Answer

A)  form proteins. 
B)  form complementary sequences of DNA. 
C)  link pieces of DNA together. 
D)  form spindle fibers. 
E)  form a new nuclear membrane during cell division. 
A)  form proteins. 
B)  form complementary sequences of DNA. 
C)  link pieces of DNA together. 
D)  form spindle fibers. 
E)  form a new nuclear membrane during cell division.

Exam 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle?

The binding sites of enzymes are

An allosteric modulator binds to

Transcription of the DNA triplet sequence ATC yields

Following post-translational modification, any misfolded protein will be destroyed by

An enzyme that transfers chemical groups among substrates is a

After coming off a ribosome, several things can happen to the newly synthesized protein.Name three.

________ is the process which blocks translation.

Aerobic metabolism of glucose

Match the specific enzyme to its class. -deaminase

Ribosomes are composed of protein and ________.

Isozymes

Explain how enzymes can be useful in the diagnosis of disease, giving specific examples.Is the change in enzyme concentration a direct or indirect result of the disease?

Transcription occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as ________ by H⁺ ions concentrated in the ________.

Draw a graph of the free energy of a molecule as a function of time for an exergonic reaction and endergonic reaction.Label on the graph "activation energy" and "net free energy change." How would these reactions be altered by the presence of an enzyme for this reaction?

The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called ________.The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a ________.

Why is there a range of 30-32 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

If the enzyme RNA polymerase was completely inhibited within a cell, it could not

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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Energy released by electrons moving through the electron transport system is stored as by H⁺ ions concentrated in the .

The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called .The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a .