Exam 2: How Anthropology Works: Methods of Inquiry

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Knowledge gained through science is based on empirical evidence, experimentation, and observation. It is constantly tested and revised based on new discoveries and evidence. Scientific knowledge is objective and is not influenced by personal beliefs or opinions. It is open to scrutiny and is subject to change as new information becomes available.

On the other hand, knowledge gained through belief systems is often based on faith, tradition, and cultural or religious teachings. It is subjective and can vary greatly from person to person or from one belief system to another. Belief-based knowledge is often resistant to change and may not be open to questioning or critical examination.

In summary, the main difference between knowledge gained through science and knowledge gained through belief systems is the basis of their foundation. Science relies on evidence and testing, while belief systems rely on faith and tradition. This fundamental difference leads to differing approaches to understanding the world and interpreting information.

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Cultural anthropologists apply science to their study of human culture and cultural systems through a variety of methods and approaches. They use scientific principles to gather and analyze data, such as conducting fieldwork, participant observation, and interviews to understand the complexities of different cultures. They also use scientific theories and frameworks to interpret and make sense of cultural phenomena, such as kinship systems, belief systems, and social structures. Additionally, cultural anthropologists often use quantitative and qualitative research methods to test hypotheses and make generalizations about human culture. By applying scientific rigor to their study of abstract cultural concepts, anthropologists are able to gain a deeper understanding of the diversity and complexity of human societies.