Exam 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

What are the two basic approaches to reading instruction? Define these. Morrison states his research indicates that a balanced approach employing his individualized instruction plan is most optimal. Define both the balanced approach and Morrison's individualized instruction. What was the major drawback to the success of his program?

Children are in Piaget's __________stage when they are able to demonstrate reversibility and decentration in their thinking processes.

Lawrence needs assisted visual devices and has been evaluated with an IQ of 60. He is being educated in the regular classroom for the entire day. Which one of the following terms best characterizes his placement?

Ten-year-old Masha is newly arrived from the Ukraine. She is attending a school where she receives instruction in speaking and reading English part of the day and academic lessons in English for the remainder of the day. The type of approach Masha is receiving is__________ .

Liam knows that the amount of water is the same both before and after it is frozen into ice cubes. Liam is demonstrating which one of the following mental processes?

__________ is the ability to focus on more than one variable of a problem.

In a classic study, Michelene Chi (1978) found that children who played chess extensively remembered chess board placements better than adults who did not play much chess. These young chess experts had this skill because they

Andrews and Halford (1998) argue that success on Piaget's tasks can be explained by____________, which is the number of aspects that must be considered in solving a particular problem.

Sofia is in the sixth grade. Whenever she is given a project as a class assignment, she makes a list of the materials she will need and checks off every step of the process as it is completed.Sofia would be characterized as having a(n)__________

Terri, who is 8 years old, states that a collie is a dog and that a dog is an animal. According to Piaget, which one of the following cognitive processes is Terri demonstrating?

__________are skills for considering which strategies are appropriate for a task and then employing them for effective memory and problem-solving.

Children who are younger than middle childhood find passive tense construction difficult because it violates the

Learning disability is the number one category of children served in special needs programs. What are the criteria for the diagnosis of a learning disability? What new method of evaluating children at risk for learning disability has been developed?

____________is the ability to self correct and reflect on the rules of grammar of one's primary language.

One of the environmental factors related to sex differences in achievement is

The dominant American culture emphasizes a(n) __________learning style; while Native Hawaiian children learn more with a(n)__________ style.

Damian is 12 years old. He can read cereal boxes and street signs. He has considerable self-help skills and can travel on the school bus. However, his mathematical skills are limited to counting and simple addition. Damian is most likely functioning at what level of mental retardation?

Xavier is ten-years old. He is reading at the first-grade level. He hates to read and frequently cries when he is called on. Xavier most likely has which one of the following learning disabilities?

__________ is the type of special need characterized by difficulty in acquiring new academic skills despite normal intelligence and no apparent physical or sensory handicaps.

Which one of the following reading-instruction methods does research indicate is the best method for most children?