Question 1

In Watson's research with Little Albert,the rat began as the _____ and became the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  CR; CS 
B)  UR; US 
C)  NS; CS 
D)  NS; CR 
E)  CS; NS 
A)  CR; CS 
B)  UR; US 
C)  NS; CS 
D)  NS; CR 
E)  CS; NS

Question 2

Which of the following can best described as an example of insight learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deborah,who gives her 4-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B)  Samantha,who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind.When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant,she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C)  Dr.Caruthers ,who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem,seemingly without effort. 
D)  Jason,who has a flat tire while driving on a country road.He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before,so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself.He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E)  Patrick,who is planning to spend the day at the beach.He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn. 
A)  Deborah,who gives her 4-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B)  Samantha,who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind.When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant,she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C)  Dr.Caruthers ,who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem,seemingly without effort. 
D)  Jason,who has a flat tire while driving on a country road.He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before,so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself.He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E)  Patrick,who is planning to spend the day at the beach.He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.

Question 3

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days,explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  avoidance learning. 
E)  observational learning. 
A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  avoidance learning. 
E)  observational learning.

Question 4

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  instrumental conditioning. 
D)  stimulus-response learning. 
E)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  instrumental conditioning. 
D)  stimulus-response learning. 
E)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 5

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deborah,who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B)  Samantha,who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind.When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood,she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C)  Dr.Caruthers ,who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem,seemingly without effort. 
D)  Jason,who has a flat tire while driving on a country road.He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before,so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself.He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E)  Patrick,who is planning to spend the day at the beach.He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn. 
A)  Deborah,who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B)  Samantha,who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind.When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood,she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C)  Dr.Caruthers ,who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem,seemingly without effort. 
D)  Jason,who has a flat tire while driving on a country road.He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before,so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself.He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E)  Patrick,who is planning to spend the day at the beach.He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.

Question 6

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov. 
B)  Skinner. 
C)  Thorndike. 
D)  Watson. 
E)  Tolman. 
A)  Pavlov. 
B)  Skinner. 
C)  Thorndike. 
D)  Watson. 
E)  Tolman.

Question 7

Classical conditioning can explain the development of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  aversions to particular foods. 
B)  phobias. 
C)  positive or negative emotions. 
D)  drug cravings during withdrawal. 
E)  complex,voluntary behaviors. 
A)  aversions to particular foods. 
B)  phobias. 
C)  positive or negative emotions. 
D)  drug cravings during withdrawal. 
E)  complex,voluntary behaviors.

Question 8

Which of the following are processes involved in cognitive learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  problem solving 
B)  mental imaging 
C)  information processing but not mental imaging 
D)  mental imaging but not information processing 
E)  information processing,problem solving,and mental imaging 
A)  problem solving 
B)  mental imaging 
C)  information processing but not mental imaging 
D)  mental imaging but not information processing 
E)  information processing,problem solving,and mental imaging

Question 9

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain.The medicine serves to remove the pain.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance conditioning. 
B)  conditioned reinforcement. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
E)  superstitious behavior. 
A)  avoidance conditioning. 
B)  conditioned reinforcement. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
E)  superstitious behavior.

Question 10

An "Open" sign in the window of a store that tells Ivan he can go in to purchase a beverage he finds particularly reinforcing.In this example,the sign serves as a

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  discriminative stimulus. 
C)  conditioned reinforcer. 
D)  conditioned stimulus. 
E)  secondary reinforcer. 
A)  primary reinforcer. 
B)  discriminative stimulus. 
C)  conditioned reinforcer. 
D)  conditioned stimulus. 
E)  secondary reinforcer.

Question 11

Stimulus generalization occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the conditioned response reappears after extinction. 
B)  the conditioned response is displayed following exposure to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus. 
C)  the conditioned response is not displayed following presentation of the conditioned stimulus. 
D)  the conditioned stimulus elicits responses that are generally like the conditioned response. 
E)  the conditioned stimulus generalizes to other settings. 
A)  the conditioned response reappears after extinction. 
B)  the conditioned response is displayed following exposure to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus. 
C)  the conditioned response is not displayed following presentation of the conditioned stimulus. 
D)  the conditioned stimulus elicits responses that are generally like the conditioned response. 
E)  the conditioned stimulus generalizes to other settings.

Question 12

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before,even though she knows that she has not.LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Stimulus generalization 
C)  Stimulus discrimination 
D)  Spontaneous recovery 
E)  Reconditioning 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Stimulus generalization 
C)  Stimulus discrimination 
D)  Spontaneous recovery 
E)  Reconditioning

Question 13

Karl wishes to reinforce positive behavior in his fourth grade students.After identifying the desired behaviors,what would be Karl's next step?

Accepted Answer

A)  track the frequency of desired behaviors 
B)  wean the children from the reinforcers 
C)  explain contingencies 
D)  select reinforcers 
E)  apply reinforcers 
A)  track the frequency of desired behaviors 
B)  wean the children from the reinforcers 
C)  explain contingencies 
D)  select reinforcers 
E)  apply reinforcers

Question 14

Although Hannah knows that praise strengthens desirable behavior in children,she is not sure what specific strategies she should use.Which of the following guidelines should Hannah follow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reward the outcome,not the effort. 
B)  Show a serious expression when giving praise to underscore the importance of the behavior. 
C)  Combine physical contact with verbal praise. 
D)  Give general praise for all accomplishments to build overall self-esteem. 
E)  Repeat praise regularly. 
A)  Reward the outcome,not the effort. 
B)  Show a serious expression when giving praise to underscore the importance of the behavior. 
C)  Combine physical contact with verbal praise. 
D)  Give general praise for all accomplishments to build overall self-esteem. 
E)  Repeat praise regularly.

Question 15

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical shock. 
B)  drug that induces nausea. 
C)  immune-suppressant drug. 
D)  previously conditioned response. 
E)  immune-suppressant drug and electrical shock. 
A)  electrical shock. 
B)  drug that induces nausea. 
C)  immune-suppressant drug. 
D)  previously conditioned response. 
E)  immune-suppressant drug and electrical shock.

Question 16

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it suppresses rather than eliminates behavior. 
B)  it may model inappropriate behavior. 
C)  it is difficult to administer. 
D)  it does not teach new behaviors. 
E)  it can lead to strong negative emotions. 
A)  it suppresses rather than eliminates behavior. 
B)  it may model inappropriate behavior. 
C)  it is difficult to administer. 
D)  it does not teach new behaviors. 
E)  it can lead to strong negative emotions.

Question 17

In Watson's research with Little Albert,crying and avoiding the rat began as the ____ and became the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  CS; CR 
B)  CR; CS 
C)  UR; CR 
D)  CR; UR 
E)  US; CR 
A)  CS; CR 
B)  CR; CS 
C)  UR; CR 
D)  CR; UR 
E)  US; CR

Question 18

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job.In order to get away from his problems for a while,Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening,after work.We can be explain this behavior as a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  escape learning 
B)  avoidance learning 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  punishment 
A)  escape learning 
B)  avoidance learning 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  negative reinforcement 
E)  punishment

Question 19

To psychologists,learning involves

Accepted Answer

A)  any change in behavior that is not a simply reflex. 
B)  changes in behavior that reflect maturation. 
C)  any adaptive change in behavior. 
D)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to natural development. 
E)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience. 
A)  any change in behavior that is not a simply reflex. 
B)  changes in behavior that reflect maturation. 
C)  any adaptive change in behavior. 
D)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to natural development. 
E)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience.

Question 20

Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as _____ and the second part as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
C)  reinforcement; punishment 
D)  punishment; reinforcement 
E)  trial and error; latent learning 
A)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
C)  reinforcement; punishment 
D)  punishment; reinforcement 
E)  trial and error; latent learning

In Watson's research with Little Albert,the rat began as the _ and became the _.

Which of the following can best described as an example of insight learning?

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days,explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Classical conditioning can explain the development of all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following are processes involved in cognitive learning?

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain.The medicine serves to remove the pain.This is an example of

An "Open" sign in the window of a store that tells Ivan he can go in to purchase a beverage he finds particularly reinforcing.In this example,the sign serves as a

Stimulus generalization occurs when

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before,even though she knows that she has not.LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

Karl wishes to reinforce positive behavior in his fourth grade students.After identifying the desired behaviors,what would be Karl's next step?

Although Hannah knows that praise strengthens desirable behavior in children,she is not sure what specific strategies she should use.Which of the following guidelines should Hannah follow?

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

In Watson's research with Little Albert,crying and avoiding the rat began as the and became the _.

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job.In order to get away from his problems for a while,Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening,after work.We can be explain this behavior as a form of

To psychologists,learning involves

Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as _ and the second part as _.

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Social Psychology

Filters

Exam 5: Learning

In Watson's research with Little Albert,the rat began as the _____ and became the _____.

Which of the following can best described as an example of insight learning?

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days,explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Classical conditioning can explain the development of all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following are processes involved in cognitive learning?

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain.The medicine serves to remove the pain.This is an example of

An "Open" sign in the window of a store that tells Ivan he can go in to purchase a beverage he finds particularly reinforcing.In this example,the sign serves as a

Stimulus generalization occurs when

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before,even though she knows that she has not.LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

Karl wishes to reinforce positive behavior in his fourth grade students.After identifying the desired behaviors,what would be Karl's next step?

Although Hannah knows that praise strengthens desirable behavior in children,she is not sure what specific strategies she should use.Which of the following guidelines should Hannah follow?

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

In Watson's research with Little Albert,crying and avoiding the rat began as the ____ and became the _____.

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job.In order to get away from his problems for a while,Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening,after work.We can be explain this behavior as a form of

To psychologists,learning involves

Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as _____ and the second part as _____.

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Social Psychology

Filters

In Watson's research with Little Albert,the rat began as the _ and became the _.

In Watson's research with Little Albert,crying and avoiding the rat began as the and became the _.

Modern psychologists refer to the first part of the Law of Effect as _ and the second part as _.