Question 1

Because Dr. Smith falls on the "nurture" side of the nature-nurture controversy, she is most likely to believe that

Accepted Answer

A) if infants are given normal opportunities to move about, their motor skills will naturally unfold in a universal sequence. 
B) teachers' expectations for their students' success will have little effect on how they actually achieve. 
C) while a child's experiences in school will have an impact on his or her intellectual development, what the child is "born with" matters more. 
D) a mother's care can greatly impact the development of a child. 
A) if infants are given normal opportunities to move about, their motor skills will naturally unfold in a universal sequence. 
B) teachers' expectations for their students' success will have little effect on how they actually achieve. 
C) while a child's experiences in school will have an impact on his or her intellectual development, what the child is "born with" matters more. 
D) a mother's care can greatly impact the development of a child.

Question 2

Joy comes home from work exhausted and is surprised to find that her daughter, Michelle, has set the table and started dinner. Joy is thrilled. She praises Michelle and spends an extra half-hour reading with her before bed (something that Michelle likes). The same thing happens the next day, and soon this has become a daily event. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) modeling. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) modeling.

Question 3

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The belief that one can effectively produce...

Question 4

In Pavlov's study on dogs' digestion, food served as the _____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study on dogs' digestion, food...

Question 5

Piaget's interest in cognitive development was impacted during his work on standardizing IQ tests, in which he took notice of

Accepted Answer

A) sex differences in intelligence. 
B) the fact that the language spoken by a child (e.g., English, French) predicted their IQ test scores. 
C) racial differences in intelligence. 
D) the fact that children of the same age often gave the same wrong answer. 
A) sex differences in intelligence. 
B) the fact that the language spoken by a child (e.g., English, French) predicted their IQ test scores. 
C) racial differences in intelligence. 
D) the fact that children of the same age often gave the same wrong answer.

Question 6

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed and the result is an increased response rate.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 7

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasa, he meant that an infant's mind was

Accepted Answer

A) cursed with original sin that made it naturally evil. 
B) more like that of chimps than human adults. 
C) a set of connected living nerves. 
D) empty and to be written on through experience. 
A) cursed with original sin that made it naturally evil. 
B) more like that of chimps than human adults. 
C) a set of connected living nerves. 
D) empty and to be written on through experience.

Question 8

The field of _____ focuses on understanding the development of evolved behaviors displayed in the natural environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The field of _____ focuses on understanding...

Question 9

John Locke believed that human nature was

Accepted Answer

A) inherently selfish and aggressive. 
B) innately good. 
C) determined by a person's experiences. 
D) determined equally by both genetic and environmental factors. 
A) inherently selfish and aggressive. 
B) innately good. 
C) determined by a person's experiences. 
D) determined equally by both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 10

Hank is upset with his son for keeping his room so messy. His neighbor, Boomhauer, suggests that Hank give his son a dollar for cleaning his room on Saturday mornings, because he believes that doing so will increase the probability of his son cleaning his room in the future. Hank's approach is most similar to research conducted by which of the following theorists?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronfenbrenner 
B) Erikson 
C) Piaget 
D) Skinner 
A) Bronfenbrenner 
B) Erikson 
C) Piaget 
D) Skinner

Question 11

The key "cognitive" aspect of social cognitive theory involving deliberate exercise of control over both one's environment and one's life is called

Accepted Answer

A) human agency. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) concrete operations. 
D) extinction. 
A) human agency. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) concrete operations. 
D) extinction.

Question 12

Punishment

Accepted Answer

A) strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
B) weakens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
C) strengthens a desired response while weakening an undesired response. 
D) weakens a desired response while strengthening an undesired response. 
A) strengthens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
B) weakens the likelihood that a behavioral response will occur in the future. 
C) strengthens a desired response while weakening an undesired response. 
D) weakens a desired response while strengthening an undesired response.

Question 13

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Accepted Answer

A) ego. 
B) id. 
C) libido . 
D) superego. 
A) ego. 
B) id. 
C) libido . 
D) superego.

Question 14

Which is the correct order of the psychosexual stages of development?

Accepted Answer

A) Genital, anal, latency, phallic, oral 
B) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
C) Latency, genital, anal, phallic, oral 
D) Anal, latency, oral, genital, phallic 
A) Genital, anal, latency, phallic, oral 
B) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
C) Latency, genital, anal, phallic, oral 
D) Anal, latency, oral, genital, phallic

Question 15

The field of ethology was founded on research inspired by

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin. 
B) Locke. 
C) Rousseau. 
D) Freud. 
A) Darwin. 
B) Locke. 
C) Rousseau. 
D) Freud.

Question 16

One of the elements that distinguished social cognitive theory from operant conditioning theory was the social cognitive theory emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) qualitative stages. 
C) observational learning. 
D) epigenetic processes. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) qualitative stages. 
C) observational learning. 
D) epigenetic processes.

Question 17

Which best describes the problem-solving approach of the concrete operational thinker?

Accepted Answer

A) Systematic hypothesis testing 
B) Scientific 
C) Trial and error 
D) Cannot devise solutions to problems 
A) Systematic hypothesis testing 
B) Scientific 
C) Trial and error 
D) Cannot devise solutions to problems

Question 18

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

Accepted Answer

A) early experience can influence later development. 
B) children learn through observation. 
C) reinforcement and punishment determine behavior. 
D) conscious motivations underlie most decision-making. 
A) early experience can influence later development. 
B) children learn through observation. 
C) reinforcement and punishment determine behavior. 
D) conscious motivations underlie most decision-making.

Question 19

Tiffany really likes jewelry. Her parents want Tiffany to stop talking on the phone every night after school. In order to accomplish this task, they take away Tiffany's new watch and tell her that she will lose more jewelry if she does not decrease her phone use. In this situation, Tiffany's parents are attempting to use _____ to alter Tiffany's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 20

What is vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) When a person's behavior changes based on consequences received directly 
B) When a person's behavior changes based on consequences that happen to an observed model 
C) When a person's behavior changes based on the influence of a collective unconscious 
D) When a person's behavior changes based on the effect of inborn, unfolding genetic factors 
A) When a person's behavior changes based on consequences received directly 
B) When a person's behavior changes based on consequences that happen to an observed model 
C) When a person's behavior changes based on the influence of a collective unconscious 
D) When a person's behavior changes based on the effect of inborn, unfolding genetic factors

Because Dr. Smith falls on the "nurture" side of the nature-nurture controversy, she is most likely to believe that

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

In Pavlov's study on dogs' digestion, food served as the _____ stimulus.

Piaget's interest in cognitive development was impacted during his work on standardizing IQ tests, in which he took notice of

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed and the result is an increased response rate.

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasa, he meant that an infant's mind was

The field of _____ focuses on understanding the development of evolved behaviors displayed in the natural environment.

John Locke believed that human nature was

The key "cognitive" aspect of social cognitive theory involving deliberate exercise of control over both one's environment and one's life is called

Punishment

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Which is the correct order of the psychosexual stages of development?

The field of ethology was founded on research inspired by

One of the elements that distinguished social cognitive theory from operant conditioning theory was the social cognitive theory emphasis on

Which best describes the problem-solving approach of the concrete operational thinker?

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

What is vicarious reinforcement?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Health and Physical Development

Sensation, Perception, and Attention

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Attachment and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

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Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Because Dr. Smith falls on the "nurture" side of the nature-nurture controversy, she is most likely to believe that

The belief that one can effectively produce a desired outcome in a particular area of life is called self-_____.

In Pavlov's study on dogs' digestion, food served as the _____ stimulus.

Piaget's interest in cognitive development was impacted during his work on standardizing IQ tests, in which he took notice of

In operant conditioning terms, _____ occurs when something unpleasant is removed and the result is an increased response rate.

When John Locke referred to the mind of a human infant as like a tabula rasa, he meant that an infant's mind was

The field of _____ focuses on understanding the development of evolved behaviors displayed in the natural environment.

John Locke believed that human nature was

The key "cognitive" aspect of social cognitive theory involving deliberate exercise of control over both one's environment and one's life is called

Punishment

I am the "moral" aspect of the personality that helps a person determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Sigmund Freud called me the

Which is the correct order of the psychosexual stages of development?

The field of ethology was founded on research inspired by

One of the elements that distinguished social cognitive theory from operant conditioning theory was the social cognitive theory emphasis on

Which best describes the problem-solving approach of the concrete operational thinker?

One strength of Freud's approach to development is his description of how

What is vicarious reinforcement?

Understanding Life-Span Human Development

Genes, Environment, and Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Health and Physical Development

Sensation, Perception, and Attention

Cognition

Memory and Information Processing

Intelligence and Creativity

Language and Education

Self and Personality

Gender Roles and Sexuality

Social Cognition and Moral Development

Attachment and Social Relationships

The Family

Developmental Psychopathology

The Final Challenge: Death and Dying

Filters