Exam 18: Equality and Affirmative Action

________ is essentially an expression of the fundamental moral principle that equals should be treated equally.

According to Carl Cohen,"No matter who the beneficiaries may be or who the victims,preference on the basis of race is morally wrong.It was wrong in the distant past and in the recent past;it is wrong now;and it will always be wrong." Cohen's position ________ strong affirmative action policies on ________ grounds.

Which of the following points supports the use of race preferences in hiring?

"An ethnic group given special favor by the community is marked as needing special favor-and the mark is borne prominently by every one of its members.Nasty racial stereotypes are reinforced,and the malicious imputation of inferiority is inescapable because it is tied to the color of the skin." This passage ________ strong affirmative action policies because they ________ .

Louis Pojman argues,"There is no more moral requirement to guarantee that 12% of professors are Black than to guarantee that 85% of the players in the National Basketball Association are White." He is here expressing the view that supports:

Refusing to give a good worker a raise in pay just because he is black or Hispanic is an example of:

According to Carl Cohen,"Preference creates that burden;it makes a stigma of the race of those who are preferred by race.An ethnic group given special favor by the community is marked as needing special favor-and the mark is borne prominently by every one of its members." In this passage,Cohen is rejecting which argument used to support strong affirmative action?

The point of a quota is to ensure that:

Weak affirmative action policies include:

Some argue that preferential programs create role models for minorities and women.These role models are essential for demonstrating to young people that significant achievement is possible.Opponents reply that:

In 1978,the Supreme Court ruled that:

Widespread advertisement to groups not previously represented in certain privileged positions is an example of:

The use of quota systems in college admissions is:

Some argue that affirmative action policies are needed to make amends for past wrongs.This argument appeals to the concept of:

Almost everyone agrees that:

According to one argument,when blacks get preferential treatment in employment some white males end up losing out-even though these whites had no part in past racism and may have never discriminated against anyone.Supporters of preferential hiring practices reply:

Which of the following does NOT violate the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

The majority opinion in the Bakke case states,"The atmosphere of 'speculation,experiment and creation'-so essential to the quality of higher education-is widely believed to be promoted by a diverse student body." This view supports which of the following policies:

Failing to hire a qualified person just because she is a woman is an example of:

A key argument for strong affirmative action is based on: