Question 1

In DSM-IV-TR,paranoid personality disorder is diagnosed on Axis

Accepted Answer

A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV. 
A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV. B

Question 2

When a clinical psychologist uses a cutoff score on a test to determine abnormality,how is the cutoff score typically determined?

Accepted Answer

A)  The clinical psychologist sets the cutoff score based on his/her experience with previous clients. 
B)  The authors of the test manual set the cutoff score, often using statistical deviance from the mean score as the primary criterion. 
C)  The clinical psychologist sets the cutoff score based upon his/her expertise in the field. 
D)  The cutoff score is determined by setting a range of +/- 1 standard deviation around the client's performance on a previous administration of the same test. 
A)  The clinical psychologist sets the cutoff score based on his/her experience with previous clients. 
B)  The authors of the test manual set the cutoff score, often using statistical deviance from the mean score as the primary criterion. 
C)  The clinical psychologist sets the cutoff score based upon his/her expertise in the field. 
D)  The cutoff score is determined by setting a range of +/- 1 standard deviation around the client's performance on a previous administration of the same test. B

Question 3

What is the function of each axis of DSM-IV-TR?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV-TR, which stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify mental disorders. The DSM-IV-TR utilized a multi-axial system for assessment, which included five different axes, each describing a different aspect of a patient's mental health condition. Here is the function of each axis:

Axis I: Clinical Disorders
This axis described the primary diagnosis of clinical disorders, which included most mental disorders, except for personality disorders and mental retardation. Examples of Axis I disorders are depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, ADHD, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. This was the main focus of the diagnosis and the primary reason for the individual's treatment.

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
Axis II covered long-standing personality disorders and intellectual disabilities (formerly referred to as mental retardation). Personality disorders are characterized by enduring, inflexible, and pervasive patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations. Examples include borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Intellectual disabilities were also diagnosed on this axis.

Axis III: General Medical Conditions
This axis was used to list any physical or medical conditions that might be relevant to understanding or treating an individual's mental disorder. For example, a medical condition like hypothyroidism could lead to depressive symptoms, or a brain injury could affect cognitive function and behavior.

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis IV captured the psychosocial and environmental factors that might affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders. These could include issues like unemployment, divorce, legal problems, or homelessness. This axis helped clinicians consider the context of the individual's life when planning treatment.

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
The fifth axis provided a numerical scale (ranging from 0 to 100) to rate the individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning. A higher score indicated a higher level of functioning. The GAF score helped clinicians understand how the individual's condition affected their daily life and could be used to track changes in functioning over time.

The DSM-IV-TR's multi-axial system was designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual's mental health by considering a wide range of information. However, this system was removed in the subsequent edition, the DSM-5, which was published in 2013. The DSM-5 moved to a non-axial documentation of diagnosis (formerly Axes I, II, and III), combined with separate notations for important psychosocial and contextual factors (formerly Axis IV), and disability (formerly Axis V).

Question 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the "subjective distress" definition of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The "subjective distress" definition of

Question 5

The dimensional approach to the classification of psychopathology

Accepted Answer

A)  assumes that abnormal behavior is qualitatively different from normal behavior. 
B)  was adopted by DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR. 
C)  is consistent with the idea that abnormal and normal behaviors differ in degree, not in kind. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  assumes that abnormal behavior is qualitatively different from normal behavior. 
B)  was adopted by DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR. 
C)  is consistent with the idea that abnormal and normal behaviors differ in degree, not in kind. 
D)  none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following examples is most clearly abnormal according to the "subjective distress" definition of abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a mean, callous supervisor who remains unaware that his/her employees hate him/her 
B)  a librarian whose religious hallucinations interfere with her ability to work 
C)  a child whose IQ is below the cutoff point for mental retardation 
D)  a high-functioning accountant who feels depressed about several aspects of his/her life 
A)  a mean, callous supervisor who remains unaware that his/her employees hate him/her 
B)  a librarian whose religious hallucinations interfere with her ability to work 
C)  a child whose IQ is below the cutoff point for mental retardation 
D)  a high-functioning accountant who feels depressed about several aspects of his/her life

Question 7

In DSM-IV-TR,clients are diagnosed along __________ axes.

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six 
A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six

Question 8

Which edition of the DSM was the first to assume a theory-neutral approach to psychiatric classification and diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  DSM-II. 
B)  DSM-III. 
C)  DSM-III-R. 
D)  All editions of the DSM have used a theory neutral approach. 
A)  DSM-II. 
B)  DSM-III. 
C)  DSM-III-R. 
D)  All editions of the DSM have used a theory neutral approach.

Question 9

Portia is a 33-year-old married woman working as an accountant at a large firm.Eight months ago,her father,with whom she was close,died unexpectedly,and a month ago,her firm announced that they would be laying off 40% of its accountancy staff within the next three months.At present,Portia is experiencing moderate depressive and anxious symptoms,and these symptoms appear to be taking a toll on both the quality of her work and the quality of her relationship with her husband.In the present case,which factor would be considered an etiological factor for her depression and anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  the downturn in the quality of her marital relationship. 
B)  the downturn in her work quality. 
C)  her father's death. 
D)  more than one of the above 
A)  the downturn in the quality of her marital relationship. 
B)  the downturn in her work quality. 
C)  her father's death. 
D)  more than one of the above

Question 10

According to the DSM-IV-TR,ALL BUT WHICH of the following should be addressed in a cultural formulation of a person's problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  How strong is the person's cultural identity? 
B)  How does the person's culture explain the problem at hand? 
C)  How does the person's culture regard the proposed treatment? 
D)  All of the above should be included in a cultural formulation. 
A)  How strong is the person's cultural identity? 
B)  How does the person's culture explain the problem at hand? 
C)  How does the person's culture regard the proposed treatment? 
D)  All of the above should be included in a cultural formulation.

Question 11

In DSM-IV-TR,major depression is diagnosed on Axis

Accepted Answer

A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  V. 
A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  V.

Question 12

"Cutoff points" are an advantage of the definition of abnormal behavior based upon

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical infrequency or the violation of social norms. 
B)  subjective distress. 
C)  disability, dysfunction, or impairment. 
D)  more than one of the above 
A)  statistical infrequency or the violation of social norms. 
B)  subjective distress. 
C)  disability, dysfunction, or impairment. 
D)  more than one of the above

Question 13

Some individuals have suggested that there is gender bias in psychiatric diagnosis.According to the paper by Widiger and Spitzer described in your textbook,which of the following situations would necessarily demonstrate the existence of such bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  if a disorder were found to be much more prevalent in one sex than in the other 
B)  if men and women presenting with the same cluster of symptoms were assigned different diagnosis 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  if a disorder were found to be much more prevalent in one sex than in the other 
B)  if men and women presenting with the same cluster of symptoms were assigned different diagnosis 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 14

Describe the history of homosexuality as a mental illness.What does this case suggest about psychiatric diagnoses?

Accepted Answer

The history of homosexuality as a mental

Question 15

Dr.Siegfried believes that abnormal behavior,ranging from mood disorders to eating disorders to sleep disorders,is due to structural,functional,or chemical abnormalities in the central nervous system.We would say that he adheres to the _________ model of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental 
B)  cognitive 
C)  biological 
D)  learning 
A)  developmental 
B)  cognitive 
C)  biological 
D)  learning

Question 16

Recently,Elizabeth has felt anxious much of the time,and her anxiety has caused her to perform some compulsive rituals that are highly unusual.Her job and her friends,however,have not been affected.Elizabeth is "abnormal" according to the definition based on

Accepted Answer

A)  violation of social norms and disability/dysfunction/impairment. 
B)  subjective distress. 
C)  disability/dysfunction/impairment. 
D)  violation of social norms and subjective distress. 
A)  violation of social norms and disability/dysfunction/impairment. 
B)  subjective distress. 
C)  disability/dysfunction/impairment. 
D)  violation of social norms and subjective distress.

Question 17

For each Axis I and Axis II diagnosis,DSM-IV-TR includes information on all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  age of onset 
B)  treatment of choice 
C)  prevalence 
D)  cultural considerations 
A)  age of onset 
B)  treatment of choice 
C)  prevalence 
D)  cultural considerations

Question 18

Which of the following terms refers to the idea that,in evaluating a behavior,one must consider the cultural context in which that behavior occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural relativity 
B)  cultural analysis 
C)  contextual analysis 
D)  contextual deconstruction 
A)  cultural relativity 
B)  cultural analysis 
C)  contextual analysis 
D)  contextual deconstruction

Question 19

Jennifer is a college student seeing a psychologist in the university counseling center for test anxiety.The only other symptoms she reports are occasional verbal arguments with her boyfriend of 2 years.In the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system,Jennifer's GAF would appear on Axis __________ as approximately __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I; 50 
B)  V; 85 
C)  IV; 95 
D)  V; 10 
A)  I; 50 
B)  V; 85 
C)  IV; 95 
D)  V; 10

Question 20

Nick is a patient in a psychiatric hospital who exhibits very poor personal hygiene.Recently,he has been physically attacking other residents,and he has attempted suicide.According to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system,his Global Assessment of Functioning would probably approximate

Accepted Answer

A)  90. 
B)  70. 
C)  40. 
D)  10. 
A)  90. 
B)  70. 
C)  40. 
D)  10.

In DSM-IV-TR,paranoid personality disorder is diagnosed on Axis

When a clinical psychologist uses a cutoff score on a test to determine abnormality,how is the cutoff score typically determined?

What is the function of each axis of DSM-IV-TR?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the "subjective distress" definition of abnormal behavior?

The dimensional approach to the classification of psychopathology

Which of the following examples is most clearly abnormal according to the "subjective distress" definition of abnormality?

In DSM-IV-TR,clients are diagnosed along __________ axes.

Which edition of the DSM was the first to assume a theory-neutral approach to psychiatric classification and diagnosis?

According to the DSM-IV-TR,ALL BUT WHICH of the following should be addressed in a cultural formulation of a person's problem?

In DSM-IV-TR,major depression is diagnosed on Axis

"Cutoff points" are an advantage of the definition of abnormal behavior based upon

Some individuals have suggested that there is gender bias in psychiatric diagnosis.According to the paper by Widiger and Spitzer described in your textbook,which of the following situations would necessarily demonstrate the existence of such bias?

Describe the history of homosexuality as a mental illness.What does this case suggest about psychiatric diagnoses?

Dr.Siegfried believes that abnormal behavior,ranging from mood disorders to eating disorders to sleep disorders,is due to structural,functional,or chemical abnormalities in the central nervous system.We would say that he adheres to the _________ model of psychopathology.

Recently,Elizabeth has felt anxious much of the time,and her anxiety has caused her to perform some compulsive rituals that are highly unusual.Her job and her friends,however,have not been affected.Elizabeth is "abnormal" according to the definition based on

For each Axis I and Axis II diagnosis,DSM-IV-TR includes information on all but which of the following?

Which of the following terms refers to the idea that,in evaluating a behavior,one must consider the cultural context in which that behavior occurred?

Jennifer is a college student seeing a psychologist in the university counseling center for test anxiety.The only other symptoms she reports are occasional verbal arguments with her boyfriend of 2 years.In the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system,Jennifer's GAF would appear on Axis as approximately .

Nick is a patient in a psychiatric hospital who exhibits very poor personal hygiene.Recently,he has been physically attacking other residents,and he has attempted suicide.According to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system,his Global Assessment of Functioning would probably approximate

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

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Exam 5: Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

In DSM-IV-TR,paranoid personality disorder is diagnosed on Axis

When a clinical psychologist uses a cutoff score on a test to determine abnormality,how is the cutoff score typically determined?

What is the function of each axis of DSM-IV-TR?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the "subjective distress" definition of abnormal behavior?

The dimensional approach to the classification of psychopathology

Which of the following examples is most clearly abnormal according to the "subjective distress" definition of abnormality?

In DSM-IV-TR,clients are diagnosed along __________ axes.

Which edition of the DSM was the first to assume a theory-neutral approach to psychiatric classification and diagnosis?

According to the DSM-IV-TR,ALL BUT WHICH of the following should be addressed in a cultural formulation of a person's problem?

In DSM-IV-TR,major depression is diagnosed on Axis

"Cutoff points" are an advantage of the definition of abnormal behavior based upon

Some individuals have suggested that there is gender bias in psychiatric diagnosis.According to the paper by Widiger and Spitzer described in your textbook,which of the following situations would necessarily demonstrate the existence of such bias?

Describe the history of homosexuality as a mental illness.What does this case suggest about psychiatric diagnoses?

Dr.Siegfried believes that abnormal behavior,ranging from mood disorders to eating disorders to sleep disorders,is due to structural,functional,or chemical abnormalities in the central nervous system.We would say that he adheres to the _________ model of psychopathology.

Recently,Elizabeth has felt anxious much of the time,and her anxiety has caused her to perform some compulsive rituals that are highly unusual.Her job and her friends,however,have not been affected.Elizabeth is "abnormal" according to the definition based on

For each Axis I and Axis II diagnosis,DSM-IV-TR includes information on all but which of the following?

Which of the following terms refers to the idea that,in evaluating a behavior,one must consider the cultural context in which that behavior occurred?

Nick is a patient in a psychiatric hospital who exhibits very poor personal hygiene.Recently,he has been physically attacking other residents,and he has attempted suicide.According to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system,his Global Assessment of Functioning would probably approximate

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters