Exam 15: Autoimmunity

Which of the following is considered a systemic autoimmune disease?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis can best be differentiated from Graves disease on the basis of which of the following?

A 54-year-old woman presents to her optometrist complaining that she has been having difficulty focusing on objects near and far.Her vision problems are getting progressively worse.She also thinks that her eyelids are drooping,and she is thinking of getting plastic surgery to "put them back up." The optometrist cannot find a good reason for her vision problems but is able to fit her with glasses and recommends that she see a rheumatologist.What autoantibody would you recommend be tested for in this patient?

A perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA)staining pattern consists of:

A 33-year-old female presents with eyes that have been red and irritated for the past month.Discharge from the eyes is not apparent.She also has a recurrent low-grade fever and a rash on her chest and legs.Her joints have been achy for the past few months,and her mouth has been so dry it is often difficult to swallow food.Antinuclear antibody testing is performed,and a speckled pattern is observed on HEp-2 cells.Which follow-up test result would you expect for this patient?

Systemic lupus erythematosus can be distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of which of the following?

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by:

In antinuclear antibody testing,HEp-2 cells:

A 10-year-old girl visits her physician's office because she has been complaining about being thirsty and having to go to the bathroom all the time.She has lost 15 pounds over the past 6 months and has been more irritable than usual,especially after meals.The girl's fasting blood glucose is 575 mg/dL (reference range,< 100 mg/dL),her C-peptide is 0.5 ng/mL (reference range,0.8-3.1 ng/mL),and she has autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulin.On the basis of these findings,a likely diagnosis for this girl is:

A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician complaining of weight gain and joint problems.She is increasingly having difficulty walking up stairs and manipulating her fingers.Fingers in both hands as well as knees on both legs are equally painful and stiff.The symptoms have been getting progressively worse over the past 6 months.Rheumatoid factor is elevated,and antinuclear antibodies are not detected.Complement levels in her joints are decreased.This woman most likely has:

Central tolerance,in which lymphocytes learn to distinguish between self-antigens and foreign antigens,takes place in the thymus and:

In which of the following autoimmune diseases are antibodies to acetylcholine receptors produced,thereby blocking the signal to muscles?

Which of the following is diagnostic for systemic lupus erythematosus?

A 16-year-old male goes to his physician for an annual checkup.A routine urinalysis indicates the presence of blood,an increase in protein,and an increase in urea.The young man reports that he has been feeling tired and has a persistent cough.The doctor orders additional laboratory testing,including a serum test for rheumatoid factor,antinuclear antibody testing,anti-streptolysin O testing,and testing for the presence of anti-basement membrane antibodies.Only the latter test was positive.What disease is the most likely cause of the symptoms?

Screening and confirmation tests for antinuclear antibodies are typically performed by:

The "CREST" variant of which disease is associated with the presence of an anticentromere antibody?

The characteristic antinuclear antibody pattern produced by antibody to DNA-histone complexes is:

A speckled nuclear pattern in an antinuclear antibody test indicates:

Which laboratory finding is associated with multiple sclerosis?

Which mechanism is involved in peripheral tolerance to self-antigens?