Exam 12: Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Before examining the "significance" of an inferential test,a researcher should carefully examine the

A researcher plans to conduct a study to compare two groups.Based on previous research,she anticipates a medium effect size.She does a power analysis with alpha level of .05.This power analysis tells her

If the omnibus analysis of variance for a complex design reveals a statistically significant interaction effect,the source of the interaction effect may be identified using

Null hypothesis significance testing uses the laws of probability to estimate the likelihood of an outcome assuming that

Figure: Read the following research report and answer the questions that follow. A researcher compares men's and women's attitudes toward dating their best friend's former girl/boy friend.Specifically,college students are asked to read a story describing a situation in which their best friend breaks up with a partner and they later have an opportunity to date their best friend's former partner.Men and women rate the likelihood they would choose to date their best friend's former partner using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all likely and 9 = completely likely).In addition,participants rate the extent to which a similar situation has occurred to them using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all and 9 = completely).The results of this study are presented below: -Were the results statistically significant? Explain your decisions.

Briefly describe the logic of the analysis of variance or F-test for a single-factor random groups design.

The probability we use to define a statistically significant outcome is equivalent to

Figure: Read the following research report and answer the questions that follow. A researcher compares men's and women's attitudes toward dating their best friend's former girl/boy friend.Specifically,college students are asked to read a story describing a situation in which their best friend breaks up with a partner and they later have an opportunity to date their best friend's former partner.Men and women rate the likelihood they would choose to date their best friend's former partner using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all likely and 9 = completely likely).In addition,participants rate the extent to which a similar situation has occurred to them using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all and 9 = completely).The results of this study are presented below: -Describe whether a Type I error and whether a Type II error are possible in this study.

What does NHST tell us when our results are "statistically significant"?

Suppose the omnibus analysis of variance for a 2 × 2 complex design reveals only a statistically significant main effect of one independent variable.To understand the effect of this variable the researcher should

Figure: Use the ANOVA Summary Table to answer the questions that follow: -What values form the numerator and denominator for the F-ratio (F-test)for each statistical effect?

When deciding how to make a claim about the effect of a variable,researchers should

When a result is "statistically significant," why should we not immediately claim that our results are "important" (either scientifically or practically)?

Figure: Use the ANOVA Summary Table to answer the questions that follow: -What is the total number of subjects,and assuming equal group size,how many subjects are there in each group?

If a researcher were to use a .01 level of significance rather than the .05 level,the probability of a Type II error would

When researchers have a good estimate of the expected effect size for an independent variable prior to conducting a study,they should

If a researcher were to use a .01 level of significance rather than the .05 level,the probability of a Type I error would

When our results are "statistically significant" we know the

A common measure of effect size for a complex design using ANOVA is

A researcher manipulated one independent variable in a complex design experiment using a random groups design and manipulated the second independent variable using a repeated measures design.The researcher's plan for data analysis should include