Exam 6: D: Learning

As she walked through her neighbourhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any colour or size.The sight of dogs is the

At the local zoo,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of _______.

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

Which scenario is an example of negative reinforcement?

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart would race.Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Positive reinforcement takes place whena stimulus is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus,the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli.This phenomenon is called

The Canada Revenue Agency threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behaviour.

According to observational theory,a child who pretends she is smoking because she saw her favourite TV star smoking would be learning through ______________.

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane.When Bobby kissed Sue,his breathing accelerated.Sue always wore Chanel 5 when she went out with Bobby.Chanel 5 is the

A procedure used to teach a whole behaviour by first training its parts is called:

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop,the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal,then for leaping from that pedestal to another.Next the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward.Finally,the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward.This is an example of __________.

Changing behaviour through the reinforcement of partial responses is called _______.

Some of the simplest and most basic learning that involves the acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behaviours in the presence of well-defined stimuli is:

Many individuals decide that they feel hungry and eat lunch when they see both hands of the clock on the 12,indicating that it is noontime.This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast.In this example,the conditioned response is:

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one to which you have learned to react is called _______.