Question 1

An infant's learning of the association between the sight of his bottle and the taste of his milk is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical learning. 
B)  referencing. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  habituation. 
A)  statistical learning. 
B)  referencing. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  habituation.

Question 2

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Accepted Answer

A)  not to crawl down a steep incline by seeing another infant fall. 
B)  to crawl around an obstacle by seeing an adult crawl around the obstacle. 
C)  to avoid crawling off the side of a bed by seeing an adult's fearful facial expression. 
D)  to crawl more quickly because her parents provide a lot of encouragement. 
A)  not to crawl down a steep incline by seeing another infant fall. 
B)  to crawl around an obstacle by seeing an adult crawl around the obstacle. 
C)  to avoid crawling off the side of a bed by seeing an adult's fearful facial expression. 
D)  to crawl more quickly because her parents provide a lot of encouragement.

Question 3

Fifteen-month-olds who witness an object being moved from one location to another while an adult appears not to witness the move will:

Accepted Answer

A)  look longer when the adult searches in the object's original location. 
B)  look longer when the adult searches in the object's new location. 
C)  look equally long, regardless of where the adult searches. 
D)  be surprised that the adult searches for the object. 
A)  look longer when the adult searches in the object's original location. 
B)  look longer when the adult searches in the object's new location. 
C)  look equally long, regardless of where the adult searches. 
D)  be surprised that the adult searches for the object.

Question 4

Statistical learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  extracting from the environment those elements that remain stable. 
B)  learning the relationship between one's own behaviour and its result. 
C)  decreased response to repeated stimulation. 
D)  forming associations between stimuli that occur in a predictable pattern. 
A)  extracting from the environment those elements that remain stable. 
B)  learning the relationship between one's own behaviour and its result. 
C)  decreased response to repeated stimulation. 
D)  forming associations between stimuli that occur in a predictable pattern.

Question 5

Learning the relations between one's own behaviour and its consequences is:

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical learning. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  perceptual learning. 
A)  statistical learning. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  perceptual learning.

Question 6

_____ is indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  The existence of the tonic neck reflex 
B)  Persistence of any neonatal reflexes past infancy 
C)  An abnormally strong sucking reflex 
D)  The disappearance of the grasping reflex 
A)  The existence of the tonic neck reflex 
B)  Persistence of any neonatal reflexes past infancy 
C)  An abnormally strong sucking reflex 
D)  The disappearance of the grasping reflex

Question 7

Which statement about statistical learning and perceptual learning is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from the regularity in the environment. 
B)  Statistical learning involves learning from the regularity in the environment, and perceptual learning involves learning from the irregular events that occur in the environment. 
C)  Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from events that always occur simultaneously. 
D)  Statistical learning involves learning from events that always occur simultaneously, and perceptual learning involves learning from events that sometimes occur simultaneously. 
A)  Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from the regularity in the environment. 
B)  Statistical learning involves learning from the regularity in the environment, and perceptual learning involves learning from the irregular events that occur in the environment. 
C)  Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from events that always occur simultaneously. 
D)  Statistical learning involves learning from events that always occur simultaneously, and perceptual learning involves learning from events that sometimes occur simultaneously.

Question 8

Which factor is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old?

Accepted Answer

A)  an understanding that human behaviour is goal-directed 
B)  the understanding that humans and not inanimate objects can have intentions and goals 
C)  the ability to make inferences about what other people will do based on knowledge of what the person knows 
D)  an understanding that human behaviour often has a purpose. 
A)  an understanding that human behaviour is goal-directed 
B)  the understanding that humans and not inanimate objects can have intentions and goals 
C)  the ability to make inferences about what other people will do based on knowledge of what the person knows 
D)  an understanding that human behaviour often has a purpose.

Question 9

_____ is an example of a scale error.

Accepted Answer

A)  Attempting to put one's own foot into a tiny doll shoe 
B)  Attempting to reach for an object that is too far away 
C)  Misjudging that one can successfully walk down a too-steep incline 
D)  Mistakenly believing that a large sponge is heavier than a large rock 
A)  Attempting to put one's own foot into a tiny doll shoe 
B)  Attempting to reach for an object that is too far away 
C)  Misjudging that one can successfully walk down a too-steep incline 
D)  Mistakenly believing that a large sponge is heavier than a large rock

Question 10

Research by Baillargeon in which infants looked longer at a screen that rotated 180 degrees than at a screen that rotated up and stopped at the top of a box used the _____ paradigm in the test of whether the infants were able to mentally represent the box.

Accepted Answer

A)  visual preference 
B)  violation-of-expectancy 
C)  habituation 
D)  preferential-looking 
A)  visual preference 
B)  violation-of-expectancy 
C)  habituation 
D)  preferential-looking

Question 11

Research demonstrating that young infants reach for objects in the dark is evidence of their:

Accepted Answer

A)  conception of object permanence. 
B)  inability to mentally represent objects. 
C)  innate learning mechanism. 
D)  excellent night vision. 
A)  conception of object permanence. 
B)  inability to mentally represent objects. 
C)  innate learning mechanism. 
D)  excellent night vision.

Question 12

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants develop motor skills on their own schedule, regardless of child-rearing practices. 
B)  Child-rearing practices can accelerate but not retard infants' motor development. 
C)  Child-rearing practices can retard but not accelerate infants' motor development. 
D)  Child-rearing practices can either accelerate or retard infants' motor development. 
A)  Infants develop motor skills on their own schedule, regardless of child-rearing practices. 
B)  Child-rearing practices can accelerate but not retard infants' motor development. 
C)  Child-rearing practices can retard but not accelerate infants' motor development. 
D)  Child-rearing practices can either accelerate or retard infants' motor development.

Question 13

Research using shallow and steep inclines has NOT demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  inexperienced crawlers are poor judges of what they can and cannot handle. 
B)  infants are able to transfer judgment skills learned as crawlers to walking. 
C)  experienced crawlers will disregard parents' encouragement when it is inconsistent with their own judgment. 
D)  infants have to learn from experience what they can and cannot do. 
A)  inexperienced crawlers are poor judges of what they can and cannot handle. 
B)  infants are able to transfer judgment skills learned as crawlers to walking. 
C)  experienced crawlers will disregard parents' encouragement when it is inconsistent with their own judgment. 
D)  infants have to learn from experience what they can and cannot do.

Question 14

Discuss three cues used for depth perception. For each type of cue, provide a definition, an example, and the age at which it develops.

Accepted Answer

Depth perception and distance knowledge

Question 15

This is a dramatic demonstration of auditory-visual blending.

Accepted Answer

A)  the McGurk effect 
B)  contrast sensitivity 
C)  visual scanning 
D)  perceptual constancy 
A)  the McGurk effect 
B)  contrast sensitivity 
C)  visual scanning 
D)  perceptual constancy

Question 16

The sharpness of visual discrimination is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  visual acuity. 
C)  visual scanning. 
D)  contract sensitivity. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  visual acuity. 
C)  visual scanning. 
D)  contract sensitivity.

Question 17

Many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  changing-modules 
A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  changing-modules

Question 18

Describe the visual abilities of newborn infants and research methodologies used to study infant vision development.

Accepted Answer

It was originally assumed that newborn i

Question 19

Which statement about self-locomotion is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All infants begin self-locomotion with belly crawling. 
B)  Infants typically begin to walk independently at approximately 11 to 12 months. 
C)  Most belly crawlers shift to hands-and-knees crawling. 
D)  Infants adjust their mode of self-locomotion according to their perception of the surface. 
A)  All infants begin self-locomotion with belly crawling. 
B)  Infants typically begin to walk independently at approximately 11 to 12 months. 
C)  Most belly crawlers shift to hands-and-knees crawling. 
D)  Infants adjust their mode of self-locomotion according to their perception of the surface.

Question 20

Current theorists emphasize that early motor development does NOT result from:

Accepted Answer

A)  developing neural mechanisms. 
B)  posture control. 
C)  perceptual skills. 
D)  an increase in infants' weight. 
A)  developing neural mechanisms. 
B)  posture control. 
C)  perceptual skills. 
D)  an increase in infants' weight.

An infant's learning of the association between the sight of his bottle and the taste of his milk is an example of:

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Fifteen-month-olds who witness an object being moved from one location to another while an adult appears not to witness the move will:

Statistical learning involves:

Learning the relations between one's own behaviour and its consequences is:

_____ is indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Which statement about statistical learning and perceptual learning is TRUE?

Which factor is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old?

_____ is an example of a scale error.

Research by Baillargeon in which infants looked longer at a screen that rotated 180 degrees than at a screen that rotated up and stopped at the top of a box used the _____ paradigm in the test of whether the infants were able to mentally represent the box.

Research demonstrating that young infants reach for objects in the dark is evidence of their:

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Research using shallow and steep inclines has NOT demonstrated that:

Discuss three cues used for depth perception. For each type of cue, provide a definition, an example, and the age at which it develops.

This is a dramatic demonstration of auditory-visual blending.

The sharpness of visual discrimination is called:

Many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take the _____ approach.

Describe the visual abilities of newborn infants and research methodologies used to study infant vision development.

Which statement about self-locomotion is NOT true?

Current theorists emphasize that early motor development does NOT result from:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 5: Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

An infant's learning of the association between the sight of his bottle and the taste of his milk is an example of:

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Fifteen-month-olds who witness an object being moved from one location to another while an adult appears not to witness the move will:

Statistical learning involves:

Learning the relations between one's own behaviour and its consequences is:

_____ is indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Which statement about statistical learning and perceptual learning is TRUE?

Which factor is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old?

_____ is an example of a scale error.

Research by Baillargeon in which infants looked longer at a screen that rotated 180 degrees than at a screen that rotated up and stopped at the top of a box used the _____ paradigm in the test of whether the infants were able to mentally represent the box.

Research demonstrating that young infants reach for objects in the dark is evidence of their:

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Research using shallow and steep inclines has NOT demonstrated that:

Discuss three cues used for depth perception. For each type of cue, provide a definition, an example, and the age at which it develops.

This is a dramatic demonstration of auditory-visual blending.

The sharpness of visual discrimination is called:

Many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take the _____ approach.

Describe the visual abilities of newborn infants and research methodologies used to study infant vision development.

Which statement about self-locomotion is NOT true?

Current theorists emphasize that early motor development does NOT result from:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters