Question 1

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Accepted Answer

A)  placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B)  resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C)  preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D)  walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E)  dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below. 
A)  placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B)  resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C)  preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D)  walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E)  dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below.

Question 2

During fertilization, the acrosomal contents

Accepted Answer

A)  block polyspermy. 
B)  help propel more sperm toward the egg. 
C)  digest the protective jelly coat on the surface of the egg. 
D)  nourish the mitochondria of the sperm. 
E)  trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm. 
A)  block polyspermy. 
B)  help propel more sperm toward the egg. 
C)  digest the protective jelly coat on the surface of the egg. 
D)  nourish the mitochondria of the sperm. 
E)  trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm.

Question 3

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have the same number of chromosomes. 
B)  are approximately the same size. 
C)  each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D)  are produced from puberty until death. 
E)  are formed before birth. 
A)  have the same number of chromosomes. 
B)  are approximately the same size. 
C)  each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D)  are produced from puberty until death. 
E)  are formed before birth.

Question 4

What is a possible outcome of oligo-ovulation, a condition in which a woman has infrequent or irregular menstrual cycles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ovulation does not occur on a regular basis. 
B)  Menopause does not occur. 
C)  Spermatogenesis in the woman's male partner is not able to occur. 
D)  The hypothalamus becomes inhibited by high levels of estradiol. 
A)  Ovulation does not occur on a regular basis. 
B)  Menopause does not occur. 
C)  Spermatogenesis in the woman's male partner is not able to occur. 
D)  The hypothalamus becomes inhibited by high levels of estradiol.

Question 5

Menopause is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced synthesis of ovarian steroids despite high levels of gonadotropin hormones. 
B)  a decline in production of the gonadotropin hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  wearing away of the uterine endometrium. 
D)  an increase in the blood supply to the ovaries. 
E)  a halt in the synthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the brain. 
A)  reduced synthesis of ovarian steroids despite high levels of gonadotropin hormones. 
B)  a decline in production of the gonadotropin hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  wearing away of the uterine endometrium. 
D)  an increase in the blood supply to the ovaries. 
E)  a halt in the synthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the brain.

Question 6

Imagine that a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy. Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin. The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells. 
B)  stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta. 
C)  undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles. 
D)  increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone. 
E)  be prevented from beginning lactation. 
A)  undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells. 
B)  stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta. 
C)  undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles. 
D)  increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone. 
E)  be prevented from beginning lactation.

Question 7

Human trophoblasts

Accepted Answer

A)  form the inner cell mass. 
B)  form from ectoderm. 
C)  are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D)  are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E)  are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange. 
A)  form the inner cell mass. 
B)  form from ectoderm. 
C)  are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D)  are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E)  are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange.

Question 8

Females of many insect species can store sperm in

Accepted Answer

A)  their nests. 
B)  the abdominal tract. 
C)  the cloaca. 
D)  the uterus. 
E)  the spermathecae. 
A)  their nests. 
B)  the abdominal tract. 
C)  the cloaca. 
D)  the uterus. 
E)  the spermathecae.

Question 9

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B)  a steroid-hormone-synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube. 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus. 
A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B)  a steroid-hormone-synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube. 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus.

Question 10

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

Accepted Answer

A)  blastopore. 
B)  mouth. 
C)  blastocoel. 
D)  anus. 
A)  blastopore. 
B)  mouth. 
C)  blastocoel. 
D)  anus.

Question 11

In sea urchins, the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy, respectively, are

Accepted Answer

A)  the acrosomal reaction and the formation of jelly coat. 
B)  the cortical reaction and the formation of cortical granules. 
C)  the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline layer. 
D)  membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E)  inactivation of the sperm acrosome. 
A)  the acrosomal reaction and the formation of jelly coat. 
B)  the cortical reaction and the formation of cortical granules. 
C)  the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline layer. 
D)  membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E)  inactivation of the sperm acrosome.

Question 12

The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous system. 
B)  liver. 
C)  sensory system. 
D)  heart. 
E)  kidneys. 
A)  nervous system. 
B)  liver. 
C)  sensory system. 
D)  heart. 
E)  kidneys.

Question 13

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B)  organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C)  cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D)  gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E)  gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage. 
A)  gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B)  organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C)  cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D)  gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E)  gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage.

Question 14

An inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in

Accepted Answer

A)  the absence of secondary sex characteristics. 
B)  the absence of pituitary gonadotropin hormones. 
C)  the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy. 
D)  enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium. 
E)  the absence of mammary gland development. 
A)  the absence of secondary sex characteristics. 
B)  the absence of pituitary gonadotropin hormones. 
C)  the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy. 
D)  enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium. 
E)  the absence of mammary gland development.

Question 15

A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone. 
A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone.

Question 16

Figure 36.2
Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes.
-In the figure, which number corresponds to the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  10 
D)  13 
E)  16 
A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  10 
D)  13 
E)  16

Question 17

Figure 36.1
Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes.
-In Figure 36.1, which number corresponds to the cervix?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  15 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  15

Question 18

If a man is born with a blockage in his epididymis, he may experience

Accepted Answer

A)  fragmentation. 
B)  low sperm count. 
C)  budding. 
D)  high sperm count. 
A)  fragmentation. 
B)  low sperm count. 
C)  budding. 
D)  high sperm count.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastula → gastrula → cleavage 
B)  blastula → cleavage → gastrula 
C)  cleavage → gastrula → blastula 
D)  cleavage → blastula → gastrula 
E)  gastrula → blastula → cleavage 
A)  blastula → gastrula → cleavage 
B)  blastula → cleavage → gastrula 
C)  cleavage → gastrula → blastula 
D)  cleavage → blastula → gastrula 
E)  gastrula → blastula → cleavage

Question 20

Figure 36.2
Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes.
-Sertoli cells are important for nourishing sperm. Where in the figure are they located?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  11 
A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  11

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

During fertilization, the acrosomal contents

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they

What is a possible outcome of oligo-ovulation, a condition in which a woman has infrequent or irregular menstrual cycles?

Menopause is characterized by

Imagine that a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy. Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin. The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would

Human trophoblasts

Females of many insect species can store sperm in

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

In sea urchins, the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy, respectively, are

The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

An inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in

A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of

Figure 36.2 Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes. -In the figure, which number corresponds to the scrotum?

Figure 36.1 Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes. -In Figure 36.1, which number corresponds to the cervix?

If a man is born with a blockage in his epididymis, he may experience

Which of the following correctly displays the sequence of developmental milestones?

Figure 36.2 Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes. -Sertoli cells are important for nourishing sperm. Where in the figure are they located?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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