Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

The ________ bias can explain why managers doing performance appraisals give more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of 6 or 9 months earlier.

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in escalation of commitment than those who spend less time thinking about their choices.

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes.

Discuss some of the errors in perceptual judgment made by interviewers in job interviews.

Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?

Vance recently took over the role of director of an academic unit at a large university. While Vance has a Type A personality and is very organized and direct, his predecessor was very Type B and liked to role with the flow. Due to his predecessor's personality, it is likely Vance will experience a long period of difficult change due to which phenomena?

Ideally, ________ would be an objective process; however, it is largely influenced by one's ________.

What is bounded rationality? How is it related to decision making?

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

While negotiating salary with your prospective employer, if you suggest an initial target salary of $55,000, your employer will consider $50,000 to $60,000 a reasonable range for negotiation, but if you mention $55,650, your employer is more likely to consider $55,000 to $56,000 the range of likely values for negotiation. In this example your employer is exhibiting the ________ bias.

Jennifer has already presented two excellent reports. The third report she has just presented is clearly not as good as the first two reports, yet she is given the same high grade as before. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case?

Meg has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What should be the next step she should take, if she follows this model?

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

Samantha's rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before her, who was rated extremely low. In this case, Samantha's high rating can be partially attributed to the ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding utilitarianism?

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the fact that all the information pertaining to the problem might not be available to the decision maker.