Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

There are many cultural universals, but specific behaviors vary across cultures, from one group to another in the same society, and over time.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cultural integration promotes order and stability.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Identify the relationship between society and culture.

A) They are literal opposites.
B) They are interdependent.
C) They are independent.
D) They are mutually exclusive.
E) They are legally mandated.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Diffusion involves exploration and investigation, and results in new products, insights, ideas, or behavior.

Question 5

Symbols communicate information that varies across societies and may change over time.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of nonmaterial culture?

A) It consists of the ideas that people create to interpret and understand the world.
B) It consists of the physical objects that people make, use, and share.
C) It is a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another.
D) It refers to the standards by which people define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly.
E) It consists of rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or inappropriate behavior.

Question 7

Subcultures and countercultures share the same values and beliefs, but differ in their size and composition.

Question 8

Unequal access to resources often results in women having fewer choices than men, and living under laws and customs that subordinate women.

Question 9

The introduction of personal computers into American society influenced the means by which people communicate.Which of the following characteristics of culture does this illustrate?

A) Culture is learned.
B) Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
C) Culture is shared.
D) Culture is adaptive and always changing.
E) Culture is similar across societies.

Question 10

Cultural imperialism is a process by which the cultural values and products of one society influence or dominate those of another.

Question 11

Rituals are a society's specific rules of right and wrong behavior.

Question 12

Material culture consists of the ideas that people create to interpret and understand the world.

Question 13

Sociologists use the term _____ to describe the learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society.

A) mores
B) folkways
C) community
D) culture
E) class

Question 14

Ethnocentrism is the belief that cultural values and norms benefit some members of society more than others.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of culture?

A) It is separate for each generation.
B) It remains constant over time.
C) It is innate.
D) It is shared.
E) It is similar across societies.

Question 16

Society and culture go hand in hand; neither can exist without the other.

Question 17

Symbolic interactionists offer a systematic framework that explains how people create and shape culture or develop shared meanings of reality.

Question 18

Folkways are norms that involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction.

Question 19

Members of the upper class can pursue the fine arts and similar activities because they have cultural capital.

Question 20

Functionalism is important in showing that shared norms and values create cultural solidarity and stability.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of laws?

A) They are used to communicate information that varies across societies.
B) They are the ideas that people create to interpret and understand the world.
C) They are widely shared standards that provide general guidelines for everyday behavior.
D) They are passed down orally from generation to generation.
E) They are defined by a political authority that has the power to punish violators.

Question 22

_____ are customs and practices that are common to all societies.

A) Cultural changes
B) Cultural differences
C) Cultural universals
D) Cultural competencies
E) Cultural variations

Question 23

_____ are strong prohibitions of any act that is forbidden because it's considered to be extremely offensive.

A) Sanctions
B) Taboos
C) Folkways
D) Crimes
E) Norms

Question 24

A society's specific rules of right and wrong behavior are called its:

A) values.
B) symbols.
C) language.
D) culture.
E) norms.

Question 25

_____ are formally defined norms about what is permissible or illegal.

A) Taboos
B) Laws
C) Folkways
D) Mores
E) Norms

Question 26

Which of the following is a purpose of mores?

A) They regulate people's emotional states.
B) They define must behavior.
C) They reward good or appropriate behavior.
D) They define and reinforce folkways.
E) They tell us what we should and ought to do.

Question 27

Violation of a _____ is punishable by a political authority.

A) norm
B) folkway
C) more
D) law
E) value

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true of symbols?

A) They are innately acquired.
B) They are transmitted from one generation to the next.
C) They distinguish one culture from another.
D) They remain consistent over time.
E) They remain consistent across all societies.

Question 29

_____ are the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly.

A) Languages
B) Norms
C) Mores
D) Values
E) Sanctions

Question 30

Unlike folkways and norms, laws are _____.

A) flexible
B) informal
C) deliberate
D) conditional
E) stigmatized

Question 31

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of language in society?

A) It is a system of formal and repeated behaviors that unite people.
B) It represents the norms that involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction.
C) It is a society's specific rules of right and wrong behavior.
D) It is the standard by which people define what is moral or immoral.
E) It is a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another.

Question 32

_____ are formal and repeated behaviors that unite people.

A) Norms
B) Mores
C) Beliefs
D) Values
E) Rituals

Question 33

Identify a general characteristic of norms.

A) They are instrumental.
B) They are always written down.
C) They are constant across cultures.
D) They are always flexible.
E) They are unconditional.

Question 34

Which of the following most accurately defines a symbol?

A) A symbol is anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture.
B) A symbol refers to a strong prohibition of any act that is forbidden because it is considered to be extremely offensive.
C) A symbol is a formally defined norm about what is permissible or illegal.
D) A symbol refers to norms that people consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior.
E) A symbol is a formal and repeated behavior that unites people.

Question 35

Every Halloween, James and his family decorate their house based on the themes from various horror films.Residents of the neighborhood look forward to visiting their house each year.This annual practice of James and his family is considered a _____.

A) norm
B) ritual
C) sanction
D) value
E) law

Question 36

Which of the followings statements best describes folkways?

A)
They are norms that people consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior.
B) They are rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or inappropriate behavior.
C) They are formally defined norms about what is permissible or illegal.
D) They are norms that involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction.
E) They are a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another.

Question 37

Which of the following are examples of core U.S.values?

A) Saying "please" and "thank you"
B) Cannibalism, incest, and infanticide
C) Progress, equality, and democracy
D) Consumer protection, student bullying, and pension reform
E) Loss of employment, expulsion from college, and imprisonment

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a folkway?

A) Reporting a crime
B) Showing up to a court hearing
C) Saying "please" and "thank you"
D) Paying a parking fine
E) Following traffic rules

Question 39

_____ are rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or inappropriate behavior.

A) Sanctions
B) Laws
C) Folkways
D) Mores
E) Norms

Question 40

Norms that members of a society consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior are called:

A) folkways.
B) sanctions.
C) mores.
D) laws.
E) rituals.

Question 41

_____ is the belief that one's culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Multiculturalism
C) Cultural relativism
D) Cultural integration
E) Xenocentrism

Question 42

Which of the following leads to the emergence of countercultures?

A) When people see their way of life as the best and the most natural
B) When people are part of the larger, dominant culture
C) When people believe that no culture is better than another and should be judged by its own standards
D) When people internalize cultural norms and values
E) When people believe they can't achieve their goals within the existing society

Question 43

Which of the following is a criticism of functionalism?

A) It overlooks diversity and social change.
B) It places too much emphasis on societal discord.
C) It downplays social class inequality.
D) It does not offer an explanation about how culture is created and shaped.
E) It downplays the benefits of culture.

Question 44

Carmen and her family moved to the United States from Mexico when she was six years old.At home, Carmen and her family speak Spanish and celebrate Mexican holidays.However, Carmen speaks English in school and participates in American sports during the weekends.This is an example of:

A) cultural capital.
B) cultural imperialism.
C) popular culture.
D) cultural integration.
E) culture shock.

Question 45

Identify an advantage of multiculturalism.

A) It reflects people's actual everyday behavior.
B) It develops practices that run counter to the dominant culture.
C) It encourages intercultural dialogue.
D) It makes people culture bound.
E) It promotes racism and sexism.

Question 46

Identify a true statement about cultural capital.

A) It sets up boundaries between social classes.
B) It decreases gender discrimination.
C) It arises because of technological changes.
D) It discourages intergroup cooperation.
E) It defines and reinforces mores.

Question 47

Which of the following is a consequence of cultural lag?

A) It leads to sophisticated thought processes.
B) It exposes contradictory values and behavior.
C) It results in internalization of culture.
D) It displaces authentic local culture.
E) It becomes widespread among a population.

Question 48

How does high culture differ from popular culture?

A) High culture represents the coexistence of several cultures, whereas popular culture is the representation of a specific culture.
B) High culture runs counter to the values of the dominant society, whereas popular culture is small and informal.
C) High culture is designed to reach large numbers of people, whereas popular culture is aimed to reach a specific group of people.
D) High culture defines and reinforces mores, whereas popular culture encourages individuality.
E) High culture is an expression of a society's highest social classes, whereas popular culture is widespread among a population.

Question 49

During the 1960s, Scott and his friends were part of a youth group that wanted to free itself from the restrictions of the society.The group sought to find new meaning in life and deliberately questioned authority.From this scenario, it can be inferred that Scott and his friends belonged to a(n) _____.

A) counterculture
B) ideal culture
C) cultural capital
D) high culture
E) real culture

Question 50

Why is ethnocentrism dysfunctional?

A) It uses force or the threat of force to bring about cultural change in other groups.
B) It sets up boundaries between social classes and shapes recreational activities.
C) Viewing others as inferior generates hatred, discrimination, and conflict.
D) It is based on a variety of characteristics, interests, or activities.
E) Values and practices are developed in it that run counter to those of the dominant society.

Question 51

It is the belief that one's culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others.

A)
It is the belief that one's culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others.
B) It comprises people's actual everyday behavior.
C) It includes symbolic interactions between societies.
D) It comprises the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold or follow.
E) It includes coexistence of several cultures in the same geographic area.

Question 52

Which of the following is a criticism of U.S.cultural imperialism?

A) It requires sophisticated thought processes.
B) It displaces authentic local culture.
C) It increases social discrimination.
D) It results in cultural growth.
E) It has no impact on local culture.

Question 53

Which of the following practices illustrates a cultural universal?

A) Having a child out of wedlock
B) Decorating a tree for Christmas
C) Dressing up for Halloween
D) Toilet training a child before age three
E) Going to church every Sunday

Question 54

Popular culture refers to:

A) the expression of a society's highest social classes.
B) the anxiety that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life.
C) the beliefs, practices, activities, and products that are widespread among a population.
D) the consistency of various aspects of society that promotes order and stability.
E) the coexistence of several cultures in the same geographic area, without one culture dominating another.

Question 55

Ben and Michael are part of the local basketball team.The team is expected to train every day and follow a disciplined lifestyle.The players are also expected to maintain the highest possible standards of behavior and conduct.These expectations suggest that Ben and Michael are a part of a _____.

A) counterculture
B) subculture
C) cultural capital
D) high culture
E) real culture

Question 56

Culture is the cement that binds society.

A) Culture is the cement that binds society.
B) Culture creates inequality between the media and the political structures of society.
C) Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.
D) Cultural symbols reinforce the boundaries set by different cultures.
E) Culture benefits some at the expense of others.

Question 57

_____ is the belief that no culture is better than another and should be judged by its own standards.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Multiculturalism
C) Cultural relativism
D) Cultural integration
E) Cultural imperialism

Question 58

A _____ is a group within society that has distinctive norms, values, beliefs, lifestyle, or language.

A) clique
B) subculture
C) cultural capital
D) faction
E) real culture

Question 59

Jack, an American, is relocated to Japan for an assignment.After moving, it took him a few months to get used to the food, language, and cultural norms.Which of the following terms can be used to describe Jack's initial state of disorientation?

A) Cultural relativism
B) Culture lag
C) Cultural diffusion
D) Culture shock
E) Cultural capital

Question 60

_____ refers to the coexistence of several cultures in the same geographic area, without one culture dominating another.

A) Counterculture
B) Multiculturalism
C) Cultural relativism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Cultural universal

Question 61

Briefly describe subcultures and countercultures with examples for each.

Question 62

Briefly describe how language influences culture.

Question 63

Define cultural capital.Describe the role that it plays in society.

Question 64

Which of the following is a belief of conflict theorists?

A) Cultural values promote conflict.
B) The elite define cultural values.
C) Taxpayers benefit from cultural universals.
D) Culture benefits some groups more than others.
E) Material culture is unequal.

Question 65

The management at Lumos Inc.believes in providing equal opportunities for all its employees, regardless of their gender.This indicates that Lumos supports _____ of culture.

A) functionalist theories
B) cognitive theories
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionism theories
E) invention and innovation theories

Question 66

How do symbolic interactionists differ from functionalists and conflict theorists?

Question 67

Distinguish between material culture and nonmaterial culture.

Question 68

What are mores? Describe how they vary from other cultural norms.

Question 69

Distinguish between functionalists and conflict theorists.

Question 70

How do the views of feminists differ from that of conflict theorists?

Question 71

Discuss two core U.S.values that are central to the American way of life.

Question 72

Explain culture shock.

Question 73

How do feminists differ from other culture theorists?

A) They have similar strategies for meeting human needs.
B) They are more likely to examine multicultural variations across groups.
C) They emphasize the influence of popular culture.
D) They overlook diversity and social change.
E) They emphasize the social bonds that attach people to society.

Question 74

Discuss the major reasons for cultural change and the ways in which they modify society.

Question 75

What are norms? Describe the various types of norms.

Question 76

Explain the functional aspect of ethnocentrism.

Question 77

Maria, a sociologist, studies how people develop, maintain, and change culture.She is interested in the influences of culture in people's daily lives and studies the role that language, religion, and gender play in society.Which of the following theories is likely to have influenced her?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Feminist theories
D) Symbolic interactionism
E) Invention and innovation

Question 78

Discuss how diffusion changes culture.

Question 79

Matthew comes from an influential family.Despite having poor grades in high school, he was granted admission to a prestigious school in the country.Which of the following sociological perspectives is supported by this scenario?

A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Feminist theory
D) Symbolic interactionism
E) Invention and innovation

Question 80

Describe the influence of mass media on culture.