Deck 8: Vision and Language

Question 1

The tonopic map reflects the layout of auditory frequency ranges mapped onto the cochlea.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A person with an associative agnosia would be able to draw an object but would be unable to name that same object.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A person with neglect is bitterly aware of their deficits.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Apraxia is to movement as anomia is to ____________________.

Question 5

Word salad is most likely to occur with ____________________ aphasia.

Question 6

Rods detect shades of gray and are active in low-light and nighttime conditions.

Question 7

Receptive aphasia is to Wernicke's aphasia as ____________________ aphasia is to Broca's aphasia.

Question 8

The inability to recognize something by sight is known as a(n)____________________.

Question 9

The ventral visual pathway is to "what" as the ____________________ visual pathway is to "where."

Question 10

The right hemisphere is dominant for speech.

Question 11

Information from the right and left eyes is initially joined at the optic chiasm.

Question 12

In Broca's aphasia,verbal comprehension is typically somewhat preserved.

Question 13

The left hemisphere is important for the processing of speech and language.

Question 14

The auditory system allows each cerebral hemisphere to receive input from both ears.

Question 15

Color is mainly processed within area V3 of the visual cortex.

Question 16

Neglect is synonymous with attentional deficits.

Question 17

Spatial location,object recognition,and form interpretation are processed by the same visual area.

Question 18

Generally,it is believed that the right hemisphere assigns meaning,whereas the left hemisphere is responsible for the global aspects of perceptual integration.

Question 19

Cones detect wavelengths of color.

Question 20

The primary auditory cortex is known as Wernicke's area.

Question 21

Which of the following represents the correct flow of information in the visual system?

A)lateral geniculate nucleus : optic nerve : optic chiasm : primary visual cortex
B)primary visual cortex : optic chiasm : lateral geniculate nucleus : optic nerve
C)optic nerve : lateral geniculate nucleus : optic chiasm : primary visual cortex
D)optic nerve : optic chiasm : lateral geniculate nucleus : primary visual cortex

Question 22

Area V1 is also called:

A)the retinotopic map.
B)the temporal lobe.
C)the visual object recognition area.
D)the blindspot.

Question 23

A patient visits his ophthalmologist complaining about a recent loss in his ability to perceive colors.After performing the proper examinations the ophthalmologist concludes that his ocular structures are in perfect condition and refers him to a neurologist.In which of these structures would you predict a possible lesion?

A)V1
B)V2
C)V3
D)V4

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true regarding the auditory system?

A)Auditory information is projected ipsilaterally.
B)Auditory information is projected contralaterally.
C)Auditory information is projected both ipsilaterally and contralaterally.
D)None of these.

Question 25

A patient complaining of blind spots in the left visual field of both eyes suffers from hemianopsia.The neurologic cause may be a lesion of the ____ along the visual pathway.

A)right optic nerve anterior to the optic chiasm
B)right optic nerve posterior to the optic chiasm
C)left optic nerve anterior to the optic chiasm
D)left optic nerve posterior to the optic chiasm

Question 26

Locating objects in space (the where system)is controlled by the ____ processing stream.

A)dorsal
B)ventral
C)lateral
D)medial

Question 27

Broca's aphasia is characterized by:

A)receptive problems and fluent speech.
B)expressive problems and fluent speech.
C)expressive problems and non fluent speech.
D)receptive problems and non fluent speech.

Question 28

A person can name objects and speak fluently; however,he/she is unable to repeat after the examiner.He/she most likely has:

A)Broca's aphasia.
B)transcortical motor aphasia.
C)transcortical sensory aphasia.
D)conduction aphasia.

Question 29

All of the following are possible consequences of traumatic brain injury EXCEPT:

A)synesthesia.
B)aguesia.
C)neglect.
D)dysarthria.

Question 30

A patient comes to your clinic complaining that he is able to recognize objects that are stagnant,but is unable to identify objects in motion.Which of the following diagnoses are you most likely to consider?

A)achromatopsia
B)visual object agnosia
C)akinetopsia
D)hemianopsia

Question 31

Damage to V4 is most likely to result in:

A)complete blindness.
B)homonymous hemianopsia.
C)achromatopsia.
D)akinetopsia.

Question 32

If a patient sees a boy on a stool stealing cookies while his mother is washing dishes with running water,and effortfully describes,"Boy...ah,girl cookie...well.Stool falling,wa-- water spilling...dis-- dishes," this patient is most likely to have:

A)Warnicke's aphasia.
B)conduction aphasia.
C)Broca's aphasia.
D)anomic aphasia.

Question 33

Where does visual information decussate in the brain?

A)Medulla.
B)Pons.
C)Optic nerve.
D)Optic chiasm.

Question 34

Pathognomic signs of neurological neglect include:

A)leaving out the left side of drawings.
B)an inability to appropriately care for children.
C)not being able to recognize people by the sounds of their voices.
D)severe retrograde amnesia.

Question 35

Whereas a patient with ____ may experience difficulty attaching semantic meaning to objects,a patient with ____ experiences greater difficulty combining the individual bits of visual information to see the "gestalt."
A.proposagnosia; apperceptive visual agnosia
B.associative visual agnosia; apperceptive visual agnosia
C.apperceptive visual agnosia; anomia
D.associative visual agnosia; apperceptive visual agnosia

Question 36

Homonymous hemianopsia refers to:

A)blindness in one eye.
B)blindness in one visual field in one eye.
C)blindness in one visual field in both eyes.
D)blindness in both eyes.

Question 37

An inability to recognize the form and/or function of objects and/or people occurs in every sensory domain and is termed:

A)anosmia.
B)aphasia.
C)anopsia.
D)agnosia.

Question 38

Destruction of the arcuate fasiculus results in:

A)global aphasia.
B)anomia.
C)Broca's aphasia.
D)conduction aphasia.

Question 39

Area V1 of visual cortex corresponds to the:

A)prestriate cortex.
B)optic chiasm.
C)striate cortex.
D)medial geniculate nucleus.

Question 40

Aphasia is a disturbance of:

A)language.
B)coordination of the mouth.
C)production of motor movements.
D)the ability to speak at all.

Question 41

Which one of the following is true regarding neglect?

A)Because neglect is so obviously out of the range of ordinary experience,measures to test for it rely on norms.
B)It is generally accepted that neglect is normally distributed in the population.
C)Unilateral neglect and severe inattention can be differentiated.
D)Most cases of unilateral neglect occur with lesions to the left inferior parietal lobe.

Question 42

Why is it that most people find it easier to beat their right hand to a metronome-like beat?

A)Most people are right handed.
B)The right hemisphere is dominant for rhythm.
C)The right hemisphere is dominant for tonality.
D)The left hemisphere is dominant for rhythm.

Question 43

If a person with a left homonymous hemianopsia was looking at a clock,which group of numbers would they most likely have the most difficulty seeing?

A)8,9,10
B)2,3,4
C)11,12,1
D)5,6,7

Question 44

The condition of Balint's syndrome can best be described as:

A)olfactory agnosia with other visual-spatial difficulties.
B)prosopagnosia with severe anhedonia.
C)visual agnosia with auditory discriminations difficulties.
D)visual agnosia with other visual-spatial difficulties.

Question 45

Ann has been told that she has a lesion to the front operculcum and she is diagnosed with Broca's aphasia.You would expect the following language difficulties to present themselves in verbal communication.Which sentence is she least likely to say?

A)"I went to the movies last ocean and ordered cars."
B)"I took a moving box with wheels to get to work today."
C)"I placed my order with the bank teller at the restaurant."
D)"It is chilly outside,I am going to put on my favorite furry,thick,wool rug."

Question 46

Agnosia is an "absence of knowing" that can occur in which of the following domains?

A)vision
B)olfaction
C)audition
D)all of these

Question 47

All of the following have been implicated in language functioning except the:

A)basal ganglia.
B)cingulate gyrus.
C)thalamus.
D)left temporal lobe.

Question 48

Repetition of speech is normal in which of the following types of aphasia?

A)Wernicke's
B)Broca's
C)anomic
D)none of these

Question 49

What evidence can you give that supports a two-system model for higher visual processing?

Question 50

The primary behavioral difference between apperceptive and associative agnosia is that associative agnosia involves:

A)the loss of knowledge of the semantic meaning of objects.
B)the inability to recognize the visual form of objects.
C)the complete loss of long-term memory.
D)a peculiar inability to associate the smell and taste of an object.

Question 51

____ describes dysfunction in all aspects of speech functioning.

A)Transcortical sensory aphasia
B)Global aphasia
C)Conduction aphasia
D)Anomic aphasic

Question 52

In the visual system,the "what" pathway is primarily localized to the ____ and the "where" pathway is localized primarily to the ____ .

A)temporal lobes; parietal lobes
B)parietal lobes; temporal lobes
C)amygdala; hippocampus
D)primary visual cortex; prestriate cortex

Question 53

Damage to which of the following neuroanatomical sites is most likely to result in unilateral neglect?

A)right frontal-temporal lobe
B)right temporal-parietal lobe
C)right parietal-occipital lobe
D)right temporal-occipital lobe

Question 54

A "melding" of sensory experiences is also known as:

A)transcortical sensory aphasia.
B)synthesthesia.
C)paragrammatism.
D)none of these

Question 55

What is unilateral neglect and with damage to what area is it associated?

Question 56

A patient with symptoms including the inability to understand language when spoken to,an inability to repeat aloud a word they are told,and the ability to only form words that are nonsense is suffering from:

A)Broca's aphasia.
B)global aphasia.
C)Wernicke's aphasia.
D)word blindness.

Question 57

What is the "what" system,or ventral processing stream of higher visual processing? Describe pathological conditions involving damage to the ventral processing stream.

Question 58

A good theory of neglect must explain which one of the following issues?

A)the reason that most cases show left- as opposed to right-sided neglect
B)the reason that most cases show right- as opposed to left-sided neglect
C)how personality changes following TBI moderate the symptoms of neglect
D)how right-sided neglect relates to dysfunction of the corpus callosum

Question 59

Compare and contrast conduction,transcortical motor,and transcortical sensory aphasia.

Question 60

Total cortical blindness is caused by lesions in which part of the visual system?

A)the optic chiasm
B)the right occipital and parietal lobes
C)the right and left occipital lobes
D)the pathways connecting the occipital and temporal lobes within each hemisphere

Question 61

In contrast to the visual system,in the auditory system both hemispheres receive sensory input from both ears.Explain why damage to the different hemispheres causes different deficits (e.g.,damage to the right hemisphere may cause loss of emotional meaning of words and damage to left hemisphere may cause loss of word recognition).

Question 62

For the following example of Patient X,please describe what is occurring neurologically (name and describe his disorder).
Patient X is an artist who recently suffered a stroke,resulting in bilateral medial occipital damage.After the stroke,Patient X could name some objects but not others.Those he could name,he could also draw well.But those he didn't recognize,he could only mechanistically copy,feature by feature,first a square,then a circle,then connecting lines,without any inkling of what they represented.

Question 63

Discuss one type of aphasia.Be sure to give the name,the area of the brain that is involved,and a thorough description.
Sample