Deck 6: Cerebral Specialization

Question 1

Executive functions are involved in "orchestrating," controlling,and evaluating behavior.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Studies suggest that a(n)____________________ correlation exists between increasing androgen levels and spatial performance for males.

Answer 2

negative

Question 3

____________________ refers to the functional specialization of the hemispheres.
or

Answer 3

Lateralization Dominance

Question 4

Erickson and associated (2005)determined that post-menopausal women who were maintained on estrogen therapy for 10 years or more were more likely to show a deterioration of the ____________________ lobes.

Question 5

The incidence of bilateral or right hemispheric lateralization of language is greater in ____________________ -handed individuals.

Question 6

The four major divisions of each hemisphere are the frontal,occipital,temporal,and ____________________ lobes.

Question 7

The ____________________ separates the frontal from the temporal and parietal lobes.

Question 8

The temporal lobes are concerned with the reception and interpretation of ____________________ information.

Question 9

The ____________________ lobes are believed to make major contributions to those aspects of behavior that we label as "personality" and "conscience".

Question 10

The frontal cortex is connected with most cortical and subcortical regions of the brain.

Question 11

The left hemisphere is to sequential processing as the right hemisphere is to ____________________ processing.

Question 12

Within the superior temporal lobes,the ____________________ and Heschl's gyrus are significantly associated with auditory processing.

Question 13

The frontal lobes are minimally involved in motor behavior.

Question 14

Studies suggest that a(n)____________________ correlation exists between increasing androgen levels and spatial performance for females.

Question 15

Sex hormones have both an organizing and ____________________ effect on brain development and functioning.

Question 16

The ability to determine spatial relations despite the presence of distracting information is labeled ____________________.

Question 17

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of motivation.

Question 18

The frontal and parietal lobes are separated from each other by the ____________________.

Question 19

The primary indentations or grooves of the cortex are sulci and ____________________.

Question 20

The tactile sensation produced by an object placed in a person's left hand is processed by the ____________________ hemisphere.

Question 21

High levels of androgen hormones have a comparable impact on the spatial performance of males and females.

Question 22

Patients with right hemisphere damage are prone to show deficits in understanding the emotions of others and expressing emotions.

Question 23

Individuals afflicted with androgen insensitivity demonstrate excessively high levels of androgen hormones.

Question 24

Tactile and spatial processing are associated with the temporal cortex.

Question 25

Neuroscientist have gained significant information about hemispheric lateralization through the study of split-brain and epileptic patients.

Question 26

The "what" pathway is associated with which neural pathway?

A)Sylvian fissure
B)occipito-temporal pathway
C)occipito-parietal pathway
D)none of these

Question 27

The right hemisphere is capable of processing rudimentary language.

Question 28

Differences in socialization,manner of approaching tasks,and task features are factors that warrant control when the brain-behavior relationships of the sexes are studied.

Question 29

Luria labeled the ____ the "organ of civilization."

A)occipital cortex
B)temporal cortex
C)prefrontal cortex
D)parietal cortex

Question 30

The Wada test is used to diagnosis epilepsy.

Question 31

Most complex behaviors are localized to singular regions of the brain.

Question 32

The dorsolateral region of the prefrontal lobes is involved in higher order or executive functioning.

Question 33

The "where" pathway is associated with which neural pathway?

A)occipito-parietal pathway
B)occipito-temporal pathway
C)Sylvian fissure
D)none of these

Question 34

Left-handed persons generally demonstrate right hemispheric lateralization for speech.

Question 35

Vision is associated with the occipital cortex.

Question 36

The Heschl's gyrus of the right hemisphere is involved in the processing of the nonspeech aspects of language.

Question 37

The differences between the sexes with regard to language and visuospatial abilities are large and significant.

Question 38

The cerebrum consists of the:

A)left hemisphere.
B)right and left hemispheres.
C)right hemisphere.
D)none of these

Question 39

Both hemispheric asymmetry and lateralization refer to the functional specialization of the two hemispheres.

Question 40

The temporal cortex is involved in the processing of language.

Question 41

In general,the posterior regions of the brain are associated with sensory functions,while the anterior regions are associated with:

A)reflexive functions.
B)perceptual functions.
C)sensory functions.
D)motor functions.

Question 42

The left hemisphere is associated with:

A)linear processing.
B)sequential processing.
C)rule-governed processing.
D)all of these

Question 43

Very deep grooves in the cortex are called:

A)gray matter.
B)fissures.
C)white matter.
D)gyri.

Question 44

What percentage of right-handed people show left hemisphere speech lateralization?

A)65%
B)75%
C)85%
D)95%

Question 45

Which of the following is primarily responsible for organizing,controlling,and managing socially appropriate behavior?

A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)orbital prefrontal cortex
C)corpus callosum
D)medial prefrontal cortex

Question 46

Which group is more likely to demonstrate bilateral or right hemisphere lateralization of speech?

A)left-handed individuals
B)right-handed individuals
C)individuals with mixed-handedness (ambidextrous)
D)none of these

Question 47

The right hemisphere is involved in processing:

A)details.
B)abstract and concrete words.
C)facial recognition.
D)abstract verbal thought.

Question 48

The primary auditory cortex is associated with which area of the brain?

A)Heschl's gyrus
B)parietal-occipital area
C)gyrus rectus
D)central sulcus

Question 49

The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the:

A)dorsal sulcus.
B)lateral sulcus.
C)central sulcus.
D)inferior gyri.

Question 50

Gazzaniga (2000)proposes that the right hemisphere is biased for:

A)sequential processing.
B)veridical processing.
C)verbal processing.
D)interpretative processing.

Question 51

Which region of the brain appears involved in speech/language comprehension?

A)frontal lobes
B)occipital lobes
C)planum temporale
D)Heschl's gyrus

Question 52

The right prefrontal cortex exhibits preferential control of:

A)sustained attention.
B)selective attention.
C)arousal.
D)all of these

Question 53

Smell and taste are processed by:

A)the hemisphere ipsilateral to each nostril and tongue side.
B)the hemisphere contralateral to each nostril and tongue side.
C)only the left hemisphere.
D)only the right hemisphere.

Question 54

The right hemisphere is associated with:

A)global processing.
B)linear processing.
C)language processing.
D)all of these

Question 55

Which statement is true?

A)Sound is exclusively processed by the right hemisphere.
B)Sound is exclusively processed by the left hemisphere.
C)Both the right and left hemisphere are involved in the processing of sound.
D)None of these statements are true.

Question 56

Which prefrontal region is primarily associated with executive functions?

A)anterior cingulate
B)orbital prefrontal
C)dorsolateral prefrontal
D)premotor region

Question 57

Which region of the cortex is responsible for receiving tactile sensations from the body?

A)somatosensory
B)prefrontal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 58

Areas of the brain associated with the integration of input from different sensory modalities are referred to as:

A)primary sensory areas.
B)primary motor areas.
C)unimodal areas.
D)polymodal areas.

Question 59

What percentage of left-handed people show left hemisphere speech lateralization?

A)70%
B)60%
C)50%
D)40%

Question 60

The increased association regions of the right hemisphere suggest that it is better suited for:

A)visual processing.
B)multimodal and inter-regional processing.
C)single modality and intra-regional processing.
D)auditory processing.

Question 61

The somatosensory cortex is located on the:

A)posterior aspect of the parietal lobes.
B)anterior aspect of the parietal lobes.
C)frontal lobes.
D)temporal lobes.

Question 62

The primary motor cortex is located on the:

A)posterior aspect of the parietal lobes.
B)anterior aspect of the parietal lobes.
C)frontal lobes.
D)temporal lobes.

Question 63

Visual processing is associated with the:

A)frontal lobes.
B)temporal lobes.
C)parietal lobes.
D)occipital lobes.

Question 64

Females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia show:

A)reduced speech.
B)enhanced spatial performance.
C)poor spatial performance.
D)none of these

Question 65

Which of the following covers the surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

A)fibers
B)white matter
C)axons
D)gray matter

Question 66

Georgopoulos and associates' (2001)study of sex-differences in neuropsychological performance revealed that:

A)males showed predominately left-sided brain activation.
B)males and females employed different strategies in solving an object construction task.
C)females showed predominately right-sided brain activation.
D)males and females employed similar strategies in solving an object construction task.

Question 67

Which statement is true regarding the differences between the language and visuospatial performance of males and females?

A)The differences are small and there is substantial overlap in performance.
B)Sociocultural experience has been ruled out as a determinant of these differences.
C)There are clear structural differences between the brain's of men and women that account for their differences in performance.
D)All of these are true.

Question 68

A number of studies have demonstrated that women,relative to men,show superiority in:

A)language abilities.
B)three-dimensional maze performance.
C)geographical knowledge.
D)visuospatial skills.

Question 69

Who divided the cortical surface into 52 functional areas?

A)Gall
B)Broca
C)Papez
D)Brodmann

Question 70

Which proposal accounts for the evolutionary lateralization of brain functions?

A)increased speed and efficiency of processing
B)decreased competition and conflict in processing
C)specification of functions
D)all of these

Question 71

Auditory processing is associated with the:

A)frontal lobes.
B)temporal lobes.
C)parietal lobes.
D)occipital lobes.

Question 72

Broca's area corresponds to area:

A)1.
B)14.
C)44.
D)51.

Question 73

Current studies indicate that prolonged estrogen therapy for post-menopausal females:

A)increases their performance on executive measures.
B)decreases their risk for breast cancer.
C)decreases their risk for stroke.
D)increases their risk for stroke.

Question 74

Androgen hormones are involved in the:

A)"masculinization" of the fetus.
B)"feminization" of the fetus.
C)regulation of the ovarian-reproductive cycle.
D)onset of menopause.

Question 75

Males with elevated levels of testosterone demonstrate:

A)reduced speech.
B)enhanced spatial performance.
C)poor spatial performance.
D)none of these

Question 76

Which brain region activates when individuals who are congenitally deaf use "signing" to communicate?

A)Activation is limited to motor regions.
B)Right hemisphere regions associated with nonverbal processing are activated.
C)Left hemisphere regions associated with speech and language are activated.
D)none of these