Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

_____ is the process of learning cultural behaviors and expectations so deeply that we accept them without question.

A) Assimilation
B) Acculturalization
C) Integration
D) Conceptualization
E) Internalization

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The lifelong process through which people learn culture and become functioning members of society is called _____.

A) internalization
B) socialization
C) resocialization
D) evolution
E) externalization

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Mead, the me forms as children engage in role taking.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Childhood mistreatment can blunt biological development.

Question 5

Internalization is the process of self-evaluation and informed decision making.

Question 6

Caitlin behaves and interacts with her siblings very differently compared to her friends.She is less mindful of offending her brothers and sisters and is not conscious of her appearance when she is with them.Which of the key functions of socialization does this situation illustrate?

A) Socialization establishes our social identity.
B) Socialization teaches us to follow the rules.
C) Socialization transmits culture to the next generation.
D) Socialization teaches us role taking.
E) Socialization distinguishes between nature and nurture.

Question 7

Becky dislikes her math teacher because she is extremely strict.In spite of that, as a teacher, the math teacher can still be Becky's role model.

Question 8

Ivy's sex reassignment attempt created major complications in her life and proved to be a disaster.This example supports the argument that nurture shapes behavior.

Question 9

Biologists are of the opinion that human development is fairly changeable.

Question 10

In the second resocialization step, the staff in total institutions tries to build a new identity that conforms to the institution's expectations.

Question 11

Frank is 17 years old and wants a car for his birthday.However, he understands that he cannot get a driver's license for another year and that it would be illegal to drive without one.Therefore, he decides to wait for a year.Which of the key functions of socialization does this scenario illustrate?

A) Socialization establishes our social identity.
B) Socialization controls our behavior.
C) Socialization teaches us role taking.
D) Socialization transmits culture to the next generation.
E) Socialization distinguishes between nature and nurture.

Question 12

Jake, a fifteen-year-old, has been brought up by authoritarian parents.This makes him less likely to fall prey to peer pressure and the use drugs or alcohol.

Question 13

The concept of the looking-glass self was proposed by Charles Horton Cooley.

Question 14

A peer group consists of people who are similar in age, social status, and interests.

Question 15

Alcohol abuse is considered a genetic factor that shapes a child's behavior.

Question 16

Some scientists describe healthy infants' brains as "small computers" because if not maintained well they can get damaged.

Question 17

Since he was a year old, Adrian was carefully coached by his parents so that he grew up to be a well-mannered, confident, and generous person.His parents believed in leading by example.Adrian carried the values he learnt at home wherever he went-to school, to college, and to his workplace.He imparted these values to his children and grandchildren.The process that Adrian went through is known as _____.

A) socialization
B) learning
C) nurturing
D) internalization
E) assimilation

Question 18

Functionalists tell people how socialization works on a micro level.

Question 19

Asian immigrants are more likely to live in extended families than any other group.

Question 20

Kate is seven years old.According to Mead, she is most likely to be in the play stage of development and role taking.

Question 21

The unsuccessful sex reassignment of David Reimer supports the argument that:

A) genetics influences human behavior.
B) social isolation can have dramatic and lasting effects.
C) humans are influenced by their environment.
D) the first few years of life are crucial to development.
E) emotional attachment is more crucial than food.

Question 22

Emily constantly suffered from severe headaches and blurred vision.At the age of fourteen, she was diagnosed with migraine.Her neurologist explained to her that women were more likely than men to suffer from such headaches.In the context of the nature-nurture debate, Emily's neurologist is most likely to support the theory that:

A) sex reassignment should be encouraged.
B) adult behavior influences children.
C) men have lower immunity than women.
D) biology shapes behavior.
E) cross-cultural variations in behavior exist.

Question 23

Owen was appreciated immensely by his manager for efficiently handling a complicated project.This appreciation made Owen confident and enthused, and he put in more effort into all his future projects.According to Charles Horton Cooley, which phase of the development of the looking-glass self is Owen going through?

A) Anticipation
B) Interpretation
C) Perception
D) Achievement
E) Response

Question 24

Lily was separated from her mother at the age of one and locked up in the barn outside her house.Nobody spoke to her or went to meet her.From time to time, she was beaten up.Many years later, she was discovered by the police.She was found to have no understanding of language and behaved more like an animal than a human being.Which of the following is the cause for Lily's situation?

A) Reinforcement
B) Internalization
C) Social isolation
D) Male violence
E) Unsuccessful sex reassignment

Question 25

_____ maintain that people learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interaction, especially during childhood.

A) Conflict strategies
B) Social learning theories
C) Structural functionalism theories
D) Symbolic interaction theories
E) Socialist strategies

Question 26

Role models are people:

A) whose self-feelings are identical to one's own.
B) from influential families.
C) whom one turns to for advice in difficult times.
D) one admires and imitates.
E) who play an important part in one's family.

Question 27

Ryan thinks he is not as clever as the other children in his class because his teacher does not appreciate him as much as she does others.Ryan is troubled by his _____.

A) looking-glass self
B) super ego
C) socialization skills
D) internalization
E) impression management

Question 28

According to Mead, the _____ is creative, imaginative, impulsive, spontaneous, nonconformist, self-centered, and sometimes unpredictable.

A) looking-glass self
B) I
C) me
D) super ego
E) ego

Question 29

_____ occurs when people receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular behaviors.

A) Learning
B) Development
C) Reinforcement
D) Evaluation
E) Justification

Question 30

Unlike social scientists, biologists focus on the role of _____ in human development.

A) heredity
B) socialization
C) learning
D) assimilation
E) environment

Question 31

According to George Herbert Mead, the most critical social interaction occurs _____.

A) among peers
B) in the society
C) in the family
D) among strangers
E) among friends

Question 32

Who among the following exhibits a dominant I part of the self as described by Mead?

A) Lizzy asks her elder sister if she can borrow her dress for a party.
B) Daniel wants to play video games at his friend's house, but he knows he should wait for his turn.
C) Bella wants to eat a box of candies for lunch, but she decides not to because her mother would be angry.
D) Samuel thinks it would be wonderful if he could ride to school on a pony instead of a bicycle.
E) Lucy finishes her assignment before going out to play, because she knows her teacher would be angry otherwise.

Question 33

Which of the following statements supports the argument that nature shapes behavior?

A) Human development is fairly changeable.
B) Human development is innate.
C) Human development is largely due to environment.
D) Abuse and mistreatment can blunt a child's development.
E) A pregnant mother's habits can have a lasting effect on a child's life.

Question 34

Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture shapes behavior?

A) Evelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband.She was also similarly diagnosed with diabetes at a young age.
B) Audrey underwent sex reassignment surgery when she was fifteen.She, however, never got accustomed to her new gender.
C) Logan and his twin sister were raised by positive, affirming parents.Logan, however, suffered from attention deficit disorder, which is more common among men, while his sister did not.
D) Grace and David were going through a trying period in their marriage.Grace developed an eating disorder, whereas David became short tempered and irritable.
E) Benjie's father, an alcoholic, suffered from liver damage.He advised his son from a young age to avoid such destructive habits, and Benjie grew up to have a healthy lifestyle.

Question 35

According to symbolic interaction theories, _____ lack a sense of self, an awareness of their social identity.

A) elderly people
B) adults
C) teenagers
D) newborn infants
E) toddlers

Question 36

Alice scored straight A's in her class tests.As a reward for her hard work, her parents took her to her favorite amusement park for an entire day.This behavior of Alice's parents is an example of _____.

A) cognitivism
B) internalization
C) functional impulsivity
D) behavioral modification
E) reinforcement

Question 37

Aaron was four years old when he saw his elder brother Charlie throw a firecracker into a fire.There was a loud explosion, and Charlie's face got burnt.Therefore, Aaron learnt from a young age never to play with fire.This scenario is an example of _____.

A) reward and punishment
B) negative reinforcement
C) indirect reinforcement
D) role taking
E) critical evaluation

Question 38

Which of the following is a key function of socialization?

A) Teaching people to live solitary lives
B) Teaching people to rebel against society
C) Accepting taboos without question
D) Contributing to the physical growth of a child
E) Helping to transmit culture to the next generation

Question 39

Cross-cultural variations in male violence support the role of _____.

A) men in society
B) internalization in development
C) socialization in development
D) heredity in shaping behavior
E) nurture in shaping behavior

Question 40

_____ are an influential approach and explain how socialization works on a micro level.

A) Conflict theories
B) Idealist strategies
C) Structural functionalism theories
D) Symbolic interaction theories
E) Materialist strategies

Question 41

_____ refer to public rituals that mark the transition from one social position to another.

A) Internalized behaviors
B) Continuum of sanctions
C) Anticipatory socialization processes
D) Symbolic interactions
E) Rites of passage

Question 42

Sarah is fourteen years old and is very conscious of her looks and other people's opinion of her.With reference to Cooley's concept, who among the following will help Sarah develop a positive looking-glass self during this age?

A) Role models
B) Teachers
C) Grandparents
D) Parents
E) Peers

Question 43

Angela returned to her parents' home when she lost her job and could no longer afford to pay rent or buy food.She was deep in debt and needed her parents' support to find another job in a difficult economy.Angela belongs to a group of young adults termed _____.

A) empty nesters
B) boomerang children
C) slingshot children
D) helicopter daughters
E) feral children

Question 44

Many women, especially white women, who are unhappy with their bodies, turn to _____.

A) suicide
B) weight-loss programs
C) cosmetic surgery
D) yoga
E) weight training

Question 45

_____ are people who don't have close ties to a child but who influence her or his internalization of society's norms and values.

A) Socialization agents
B) Significant others
C) Role models
D) Primary caregivers
E) Generalized others

Question 46

In _____, parents focus on their own needs rather than those of the children, spend little time interacting with the children, and know little about their interests or whereabouts.

A) uninvolved parenting
B) permissive parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) indulgent parenting
E) authoritarian parenting

Question 47

Nolan is a 35-year-old man who is very conscious of his physical appearance.Lately, he has been considering cosmetic surgery to enhance his looks.He researches the most common cosmetic surgery that men undergo.He feels that this surgery will make him look better.Which type of cosmetic surgery does Nolan want to undergo?

A) Dermabrasion
B) Chin surgery
C) Rhinoplasty
D) Hair transplant
E) Liposuction

Question 48

Adam's parents allow him two sleepovers a month at his friend's place on the condition that he puts in an extra hour of study every day.In terms of parenting styles, Adam's parents exhibit _____.

A) uninvolved parenting
B) permissive parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) indulgent parenting
E) authoritarian parenting

Question 49

According to Mead's theory of the development of the self and role taking, which of the following statements is a characteristic of the preparatory stage?

A) Children move beyond imitation and act out imagined roles.
B) Children engage in behavior that they rarely associate with words or symbols.
C) Children learn to take the role of another.
D) Children acquire the ability to understand connections between roles.
E) Children understand and take the role of the generalized other.

Question 50

_____ is a period of both extreme helplessness and enormous physical and cognitive growth.

A) Adulthood
B) Teenage
C) Adolescence
D) Toddlerhood
E) Old age

Question 51

_____ is the process of learning how to perform a role one does not yet occupy.

A) Social learning
B) Symbolic interaction
C) Resocialization
D) Anticipatory socialization
E) Modeling

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of U.S.children?

A) They do not attend school as education is not given much importance.
B) They make up a large segment of the U.S.labor force.
C) The socialization process is shaky at best.
D) A high percentage of them die of diseases before the age of five.
E) A large number of them stay with their parents until the age of 30.

Question 53

_____ diminishes teens' and young adults' ability to develop decision-making and problem-solving skills.

A) Authoritative parenting
B) Permissive parenting
C) Indulgent parenting
D) Helicopter parenting
E) Uninvolved parenting

Question 54

Who among the following can be termed helicopter parents?

A) Ian's parents are overanxious about his college admission and have made him apply to ten different universities.
B) Vincent's parents do not restrict him from smoking; they give him an extra allowance to buy cigarettes.
C) Sydney's parents were hardly aware of their daughter's whereabouts; they were too busy with work to be bothered.
D) Brooke invited her parents to her piano recital, but they chose to attend their neighbor's birthday party instead.
E) Vivian's parents show extra concern for her grades during parent-teacher conferences although they do not really care.

Question 55

In the context of the functions of play, _____ provide children with constructive ways to channel their energy and intelligence.

A) television programs
B) sports and hobbies
C) video games
D) social networking sites
E) homework and assignments

Question 56

Zoey, a five-year-old, will be starting kindergarten in a few months.According to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the self and role taking, who among the following will be her significant others?

A) Her parents
B) Her teachers
C) Her classmates
D) Her friends
E) Her neighbors

Question 57

Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household.This implies that they:

A) lived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived.
B) were brought up in a very strict, authoritarian environment.
C) were cared for by only one parent.
D) lived with their parents and grandparents.
E) would continue to live with their parents after marriage.

Question 58

The Petersons are realtors and hardly get time to take care of their two children, Ryder and Lauren.Hence, the children are brought up by their grandparents, who also live with them.After a few years, both children graduate and get well-paying jobs in different cities.In this scenario, which of the following defines the term empty nest as used in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) The stage wherein the grandparents have passed away and the parents are left alone after their children have moved out
B) The duration wherein the children are at school, the parents are at work, and the grandparents are alone at home
C) The duration wherein the children are left with the grandparents, while the parents are at work
D) The stage wherein the grandparents have passed away and the children are left in the care of their parents
E) The duration wherein the parents are at work, the children are at school, and the grandparents have passed away

Question 59

Two of the most important roles in adulthood are work and _____.

A) mentoring
B) parenthood
C) socializing
D) leadership
E) education

Question 60

The parts of the brain responsible for controlling impulses, avoiding risky behavior, and planning ahead are:

A) latent throughout one's life.
B) disrupted due to raging hormones.
C) developed in the preteen years.
D) among the last to mature.
E) innate characteristics of every child.

Question 61

Explain how play influences a child's development.

Question 62

Explain the concept of involuntary resocialization.

Question 63

Explain how children learn to socialize in the infancy and toddlerhood stage.

Question 64

Describe the two key points that support the argument that nature shapes behavior.

Question 65

Elaborate on George Herbert Mead's three stages of the socialization process.

Question 66

Explain the concept of reinforcement with examples.

Question 67

Emilia was a careless, pampered adult.Her life took a complete turn after she became a mother.Responsibility came naturally to her, and she began to enjoy taking care of her baby round the clock.The dramatic change in Emilia's behavior is an example of _____.

A) internalization
B) role taking
C) authoritarian parenting
D) uninvolved parenting
E) voluntary resocialization

Question 68

Explain the four types of parenting styles.

Question 69

The first step of resocialization in total institutions is:

A) being subjected to degradation ceremonies.
B) performing physical labor.
C) military training.
D) religious teaching.
E) anger management.

Question 70

Describe the key elements of the two types of socialization theories.

Question 71

Describe the four key functions of socialization.

Question 72

Tom was a pessimist.His attitude cost him his friends and his peace of mind.After years of self-inflicted stress, Tom decided that he would become optimistic and see the brighter side of things.Tom has decided to undergo the process of _____.

A) internalization
B) resocialization
C) rehabilitation
D) institutionalization
E) rejuvenation

Question 73

Explain the three phases of development of Charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self.

Question 74

_____ are settings where people are isolated from the rest of society, stripped of their former identities, and required to conform to new rules and behavior.

A) Concentration camps
B) Total institutions
C) Extermination camps
D) Health care centers
E) Hospice facilities

Question 75

_____ is the process of unlearning old ways of doing things and adopting new attitudes, values, norms, and behavior.

A) Resocialization
B) Internalization
C) Incapacitation
D) Impression management
E) Anticipatory socialization

Question 76

Define impression management, and explain the three types of expressive resources associated with it.

Question 77

Explain the socialization process of teenagers.

Question 78

Elaborate on the reasons that cause the boomerang generation to move back in with their parents.

Question 79

Explain the various opinions that arise from the nature-nurture debate.

Question 80

Elaborate on the impact of electronic media on a child's development.