Deck 5: Functional Neuroanatomy

Question 1

In the sagittal plane,the brain is viewed from ____________________.

Answer 1

the side

Question 2

The reticular activating system constitutes Unit ____________________ of Luria's conceptualization of the brain.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The ____________________ of the brain arise(s)from the cavity of the neural tube.

Answer 3

ventricles or ventricular system

Question 4

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body to respond to a stressful event.

Question 5

The somatic nervous system is comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 6

The clinical signs of ____________________ include walking difficulties and postural imbalance,dementia and urinary incontinence.

Question 7

Ten of the twelve cranial nerves originate in the ____________________.

Question 8

The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of endocrine activity of the pituitary gland.

Question 9

____________________ refers to the development of the cortex.

Question 10

____________________ is the process of forming and closing of the neural tube.

Question 11

Damage to the basal ganglia can impair cognitive functions often associated with the frontal lobes.

Question 12

____________________ involves the elimination of dendrites and neurons.

Question 13

The spider-web-like meninge that contains the cerebrospinal fluid is the arachnoid membrane.

Question 14

____________________ is a term for brain matter below the cortex.

Question 15

The peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic nervous system and the ____________________ nervous system.

Question 16

The two vertebral arteries join together at the brainstem to form the ____________________ artery.

Question 17

The neural tube forms with the rising,folding,and fusing of ____________________ tissue.

Question 18

The three meninges of the brain are the pia mater,dura mater,and ____________________ .

Question 19

The basal ganglia is considered to be part of the pyramidal motor system.

Question 20

The ____________________ are cauliflower-like projections that serve as pathways for the re-entry of CSF into the blood stream.

Question 21

In general,a patient may be considered to have abnormally high intracranial pressure (ICP)when his or her pressure reaches:

A)> 5 Torr.
B)> 10 Torr.
C)> 15 Torr.
D)> 20 Torr.

Question 22

The reticular formation plays a major role in:

A)coordination,balance,and gait.
B)expression of emotional behavior.
C)sleep and wakefulness.
D)memory acquisition.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a component of the basal ganglia?

A)substantia nigra
B)caudate nucleus
C)globus pallidus
D)amygdala

Question 24

The reticular activating system is closely associated with all of the following except:

A)selective attention.
B)motor control.
C)wakefulness.
D)coma.

Question 25

Which of the following is not considered a structure of the limbic system?

A)thalamus
B)amygdala
C)fornix
D)cingulate gyrus

Question 26

Rostral is to caudal as:

A)medial is to lateral.
B)anterior is to posterior.
C)dorsal is to ventral.
D)inferior is to superior.

Question 27

A central function of the inferior colliculi is the automatic orientation to sound.

Question 28

The average adult brain size is approximately 1000 to 1500 cubic centimeters and 1500 grams.

Question 29

Antipsychotic medications are NOT associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia.

Question 30

Parasympathetic is to rest and digest as sympathetic is to fight or flight.

Question 31

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the:

A)ventricles.
B)tegmentum.
C)dura mater.
D)choroid plexus.

Question 32

From outermost to innermost,the order of the meninges is as follows:

A)pia,dura,arachnoid.
B)dura,pia,arachnoid.
C)dura,arachnoid,pia.
D)arachnoid,dura,pia.

Question 33

The cerebellum is involved in the support of motor and cognitive functions.

Question 34

The reticular activating system is the starting point for the brain's analysis of information.

Question 35

Which of the following is not an anatomical structure of the extrapyramidal motor system?

A)red nucleus
B)locus ceruleus
C)substantia nigra
D)cerebellum

Question 36

Blockage of the carotid arteries most often results in a stroke affecting the anterior cerebral artery.

Question 37

The de-myelination of the brain's white matter is termed decussation.

Question 38

The basal ganglia are also referred to as:

A)the basal nuclei.
B)the basal forebrain.
C)the subcortical aspect.
D)the pallidus ganglia.

Question 39

Which of the following structures is believed to be primarily responsible for integrating and organizing autonomic processes related to the emotional expression of behavior?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)mamillary bodies
D)cingulate gyrus

Question 40

The hippocampus formation of the limbic system has been associated with memory acquisition.

Question 41

Maria is 18 months old and has hydrocephalus.The enormous size of her skull is due to the expansion of the:

A)foramina.
B)fontanelles.
C)meninges.
D)dura mater.

Question 42

The function of cerebral spinal fluid is currently thought to be the:

A)enhancement of higher cognitive processes.
B)coordination of motor movements.
C)facilitation of memory.
D)disposal of waste products.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

A)regulation of the autonomic nervous system
B)relay of somatic sensory impressions to the cerebral cortex
C)regulation of food intake
D)expression of emotions

Question 44

Mr.Sprat cannot control his appetite.All he wants to do is eat and no matter how much he eats,he still feels hungry.His weight is approaching 400 pounds and he constantly wants to eat.His physician says the problem is due to a disorder in a specific center of the brain.That brain center is most likely the:

A)hypothalamus.
B)thalamus.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)medulla.

Question 45

The direct route of hypothalamic control of the pituitary is associated with the release of:

A)antidiuretic hormones and oxytocin.
B)dopamine and serotonin.
C)corticotropin-releasing hormone.
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Question 46

Valleys on the surface of the cortex are called:

A)gyri.
B)lesions.
C)sulci.
D)lobes.

Question 47

Which of the following is considered part of the basal ganglia?

A)amygdala
B)thalamus
C)putamen
D)hippocampus

Question 48

The thalamus is best described as:

A)the seat of executive functioning.
B)a netlike formation.
C)a complex relay system.
D)the brain within the brain.

Question 49

Which is one of the components of the midbrain (mesencephalon)?

A)pons
B)medulla oblongata
C)tectum
D)none of these

Question 50

A person with alcoholism exhibits a severe disorder of memory.He is likely suffering from:

A)fetal alcohol syndrome.
B)Huntington's disease.
C)Wenicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
D)none of these

Question 51

Which of the following allows for the transmission of information from one hemisphere to another?

A)corpus callosum
B)anterior commissure
C)hippocampal commissure
D)all of these

Question 52

The brain region that contributes most to arousal is the:

A)hindbrain.
B)pons.
C)medulla.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 53

Papez hypothesized that the limbic system was involved in:

A)audition.
B)vision.
C)emotion.
D)olfaction.

Question 54

To defend against an attacker,where would a blow to the head be most damaging?

A)near the temporal bones of the skull
B)near the sphenoid bones of the skull
C)at the base of the skull
D)all of these

Question 55

The peripheral nervous system is comprised of:

A)the brain and spinal cord.
B)the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
C)only pyramidal cells.
D)auditory and visual systems.

Question 56

A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements.Injury to what part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?

A)thalamus
B)cerebral cortex
C)medulla
D)cerebellum

Question 57

The human occipital lobe achieves synaptic density comparable to that of an adult at the age of:

A)6-12 months.
B)2-4 years.
C)5-10 years.
D)18-21 years.

Question 58

Which if the following is a role of meninges?

A)enhance executive functions
B)facilitate memory
C)protect the brain and spinal cord
D)improve cognition by increasing neuronal transmission

Question 59

The neuronal sheets,or laminae,that form during corticogenesis will ultimately constitute:

A)the neural tube.
B)the five layers of the cerebral cortex.
C)the seven layers of the cerebral cortex.
D)the six layers of the cerebral cortex.

Question 60

The nervous system is divided into two parts.These are the:

A)brain and spinal cord.
B)peripheral and central nervous system.
C)somatic and autonomic nervous system.
D)jittery and anxious nervous system.

Question 61

The central nervous system is protected by:

A)the skull.
B)cerebrospinal fluid.
C)meninges.
D)all of these

Question 62

What is the term for the openings in the base of the skull which provide passage for nerves and blood vessels?

A)foramina
B)fossae
C)meninges
D)fontanelles

Question 63

Which of the following structures is believed to be primarily responsible for the conditioning of fear?

A)thalamus
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)amygdala

Question 64

Decussation occurs in the:

A)medulla.
B)tegmentum.
C)superior coliculi.
D)midbrain.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The thalamus consists mostly of white matter.
B)The thalamus has an integral role in the processing of sensory information.
C)There are three thalamic nuclei.
D)The thalamus is the major sensory relay for the olfactory system.

Question 66

The corpus callosum is made up of:

A)nuclei.
B)gray matter.
C)axons.
D)gray junctures.

Question 67

Which of the following may result from increased intracranial pressure?

A)meningitis
B)hydrocephalus
C)subdural hematoma
D)none of these

Question 68

A disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of the cortical gyri in the 11^th to 13^th week of development is called:

A)lisencephaly.
B)spina bifida.
C)arborencephaly.
D)gyriencephaly.

Question 69

Which of the following might result following a lesion of the cerebellum?

A)verbal memory deficits
B)defects of visual-spatial ability
C)impairment in balance
D)disruption of the sleep-wake cycle

Question 70

How many levels of the spinal cord are there?

A)10
B)16
C)21
D)30

Question 71

Myelination begins in the:

A)subcortical regions of the brain.
B)optic nerve.
C)spinal cord.
D)cortical regions.

Question 72

Which of the following is true of cerebrospinal fluid?

A)Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the pia mater.
B)Cerebrospinal fluid circulates only through the ventricles.
C)Approximately 900 ml of cerebrospinal fluid is produced by adults each day.
D)Cerebrospinal fluid is re-circulated every 6-7 hours.

Question 73

The protracted development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is consistent with the:

A)development of executive functions.
B)emergence of primitive reflexes.
C)decline of cortical functions.
D)development of sensory processes.

Question 74

Initially the primary role of the limbic region was believed to be in:

A)vision.
B)tactile sensation.
C)olfaction.
D)emotion.

Question 75

The autonomic nervous system is comprised of the:

A)brain and spinal cord.
B)sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
C)cranial nerves.
D)cerebellum.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The superior colliculi contain important reflex centers for auditory information.
B)Bats have enlarged superior colliculi.
C)The inferior colliculi contain important reflex centers for visual information.
D)Tracts in the superior and inferior colliculi influence the movement of the neck and head in response to visual and auditory information.

Question 77

The lower brainstem is implicated in:

A)auditory processing.
B)control of movement.
C)arousal level.
D)all of these.

Question 78

The neurons and glia of the brain are created by:

A)Hebb cells.
B)oligodendrocytes.
C)astrocytes.
D)precursor cells.

Question 79

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor movements,specifically of the shoulder and head?

A)accessory
B)abducens
C)vagus
D)oculomotor

Question 80

What is the term for the openings between the bony plates in newborn skulls,which allow for the increasing size of the developing brain?

A)fossae
B)foramina
C)fontanelles
D)meninges