Deck 13: Traumatic Head Injury and Rehabilitation

Question 1

Shearing,tearing,and stretching may result in axonal sprouting,or new growth from the damaged neurons.This axonal sprouting is always beneficial and aids in regaining lost or damaged functions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

____________________ results in a greater excitatory or inhibitory potential.

Answer 2

Denervation supersensitivity

Question 3

Training a person in their home or work environment is an example of a(n)____________________ approach.

Answer 3

contextually driven therapy

Question 4

Rehabilitation seeks to ____________________ functioning in daily life.

Question 5

____________________ amnesia is associated with a loss of memory prior to accident.

Question 6

Males are more likely to sustain a head injury than females.

Question 7

The severity of a traumatic head injury can be measured with the ____________________ Scale.

Question 8

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of head injuries.

Question 9

____________________ therapists focus on improving aspects of motor functioning,including strength,balance,and coordination.

Question 10

The use of muscles to perform purposive action is within the domain of ____________________ therapy.

Question 11

____________________ analysis is key to understanding the component parts and their associated cognitive requirements that make up an activity.

Question 12

Coma is synonymous with sleep.

Question 13

Tensile strength refers to the amount of physical strength an axon can endure.

Question 14

____________________ occurs through a proliferation of post-synaptic receptor sites.

Question 15

It may be possible to administer a neuropsychological battery to a patient who has suffered a gunshot wound to the head.

Question 16

Plasticity refers to the brain's biological ability to ____________________.

Question 17

When a function is completely lost,most neurobehavioral rehabilitation focuses on ____________________.

Question 18

The shearing effect on axons associated with TBI is usually seen at the junction of ____________________ and white matter.

Question 19

A(n)____________________ specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Question 20

Alcohol has been implicated in 1/3 to 1/2 of all traumatic head injuries.

Question 21

When an individual emerges from a coma,there appears to be a sudden awakening,with the patient regaining normal levels of awareness quickly.

Question 22

Individuals in a coma exhibit sleep-wake cycles when monitored with EEG.

Question 23

The occupational therapist sees only patients that would like to return to work.

Question 24

The neuropsychologist mainly provides compensatory strategies and medical advice at the end of the rehabilitation stay to prepare the patient for discharge.

Question 25

An injury to the reticular activating system rarely results in coma.

Question 26

A countercoup injury occurs when the brain rebounds after impact.

Question 27

Familiarity with the effects of damage and subsequent recovery is invaluable in predicting intervention and recovery.

Question 28

The transient inhibition of functioning due to reduced blood flow to an area of the brain implies that the neuronal systems have been permanently damaged.

Question 29

Edema of the brain refers to swelling.

Question 30

A motor vehicle accident provides an example of a deceleration injury.

Question 31

The mechanism by which grafted fetal tissue operates to produce brain recovery and adaptation is well understood.

Question 32

Mild traumatic brain injuries no longer go undiagnosed due to new advances in CT imaging.

Question 33

In the case of a penetrating head injury,the neuropsychologist serves a role in identifying current level of functioning as well as making recommendations for rehabilitation.

Question 34

Professional ice hockey players are evaluated neuropsychologically pre-season due to their risk of closed head injury.

Question 35

On the Glasgow Coma Scale,a score of 10 or less indicates a severe head injury.

Question 36

Ecological validity is critical to rehabilitation assessment and intervention.

Question 37

Given the variety of medical specialists on the rehabilitation team,it is considered transdepartmental.

Question 38

PTs work primarily on the upper body while OTs work on the lower body.

Question 39

If neurons are damaged by tearing or shearing the most common mechanism of brain recovery and adaptation is reconstructive surgery.

Question 40

An injury to the brain stem rarely results in coma.

Question 41

Premorbid intellectual level can impact recovery from a neurological trauma.

Question 42

Individuals with greater awareness of their dysfunction are more likely to cope appropriately to their level of impairment.

Question 43

Diaschisis refers to the notion that neurological regions away from the site of damage are rendered temporarily dysfunctional.

Question 44

Brain reorganization is dependent on level of brain plasticity.

Question 45

Context-driven approaches to rehabilitation have been proven highly effective in numerous outcome studies.

Question 46

The job coach is like an intermediary between the patient and the employer.

Question 47

The purpose of neuropsychological evaluations in rehabilitation is diagnosis.

Question 48

Cognitive retraining is based on theories of learning and pedagogy.

Question 49

Discharge planning can include determining whether or not a patient is safe to return home to live independently.

Question 50

Neuropsychologists attempt to predict functional outcome following various types of neurological impairment.

Question 51

Diaschisis refers to the notion that the brain actively works to repair itself following neuronal damage.

Question 52

Therapeutic recreation can include community outings which allow patients to practice skills such as mobility and money management.

Question 53

Rehabilitation hospitals in many cases negate the need to transfer brain damaged patients to nursing homes.

Question 54

Computers as compensatory or prosthetic aids can increase safety for many clinical populations.

Question 55

The rehabilitation team typically consists of the neurosurgeon,microbiologist,and physical therapist.

Question 56

In addition to traditional neuropsychological assessment,areas such as meal preparation and driving may also be evaluated.

Question 57

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation is a physiatrist.

Question 58

Assessment of everyday activities must occur because tests of general functional areas may be too non-specific to shed light on the exact requirements for successful completion of everyday tasks.

Question 59

Once admitted to a rehabilitation hospital,a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation is typically conducted.

Question 60

Selective attention training uses background noise to incorporate distraction into tasks.

Question 61

All of the following should be kept in mind when considering influences on recovery except:

A)location and extent of damage.
B)gender.
C)emotional health.
D)support systems.

Question 62

An example of regrowth of neurons is:

A)substitution.
B)collateral sprouting.
C)denervation.
D)dendritic activation.

Question 63

Functional redundancy may not be possible if:

A)not enough synapses were produced during the second decade.
B)damage is too widespread.
C)damage involves blood on brain.
D)too many synapses are competing for activation.

Question 64

If neuron damage is complete the brain must rely on:

A)axonal resprouting.
B)restitution.
C)diaschisis.
D)redundancy.

Question 65

John has been in a coma for approximately five months.What can we surmise about his condition?

A)John's reticular activating system has been injured.
B)John is not having sleep-wake cycles.
C)John is in a deep coma.
D)John is going to have severe cognitive impairment if he 'awakens.'

Question 66

The neuropsychological evaluation is a valuable part of the pre-screening process for entry into a rehabilitation program because it helps select people that:

A)will most likely get along with the staff.
B)have the greatest likelihood for success.
C)will be tough cases for rehab.
D)have personality problems and should not enter rehab because of them.

Question 67

The most common conditions seen in a rehabilitation setting include:

A)gun shot wounds.
B)traumatic brain injury.
C)dementia.
D)attention deficit disorder.

Question 68

A limitation of computer simulation is that:

A)clinicians must be educated about using such technology.
B)its capabilities are often over-estimated as a rehabilitation tool.
C)of high cost with little clinical gain.
D)it is replacing other methods of assessment and treatment.

Question 69

Marci was hit on the back of the head with a baseball while running to second base.Most likely,Marci would be diagnosed with a(n):

A)impact injury.
B)countercoup injury.
C)deceleration injury.
D)acceleration injury.

Question 70

Diaschisis involves:

A)recovery of functions proximally located to the area of insult with prosthetic devices.
B)recovery of function with extensive therapy.
C)recovery of functions distally located to the area of insult after temporary neuronal disruption.
D)recovery of functions proximally located to the area of insult after temporary disruption.

Question 71

Occupational therapists are concerned with increasing functional activities related to strength,balance,physical endurance,and range of motion.

Question 72

Physical therapists are concerned with self-care skills such as bathing,dressing,and grooming.

Question 73

Most theories of rehabilitation are based on the premise that if functions are ____ ablated,there is a chance for restoration through the brain's ability to ____.

A)completely; heal and adapt
B)completely; regenerate
C)not completely; regenerate
D)not completely; heal and adapt

Question 74

A speech therapist attempts to increase speech production and understanding.

Question 75

A bleed that occurs between the skull and the dura is termed:

A)epidural hematoma.
B)extradural hematoma.
C)herniated bleed.
D)meningeal bleed.

Question 76

Animal studies provide scientists a means to study the following about adaptation and recovery:

A)brain reorganization.
B)brain repair at the neuronal level.
C)stages of recovery.
D)all of these

Question 77

Herniation is associated with:

A)a hematoma.
B)deterioration of consciousness.
C)brain stem damage.
D)all of these

Question 78

Deceleration is when the brain:

A)stops abruptly.
B)stops without any injury.
C)goes from stationary to moving.
D)is injured from vehicular accidents.

Question 79

A penetrating head injury:

A)is caused by small objects lodged into the brain.
B)can cause damage to the arterial and venous blood supply.
C)can have localized or gross regions of cortical damage.
D)all of these

Question 80

Knowledge of brain damage and recovery comes from:

A)both animal and human studies.
B)cell culture analyses.
C)animal studies.
D)human cases.