Deck 12: Cerebrovascular Disorders and Tumors

Question 1

Communicating hydrocephalus involves problems related to ____________________.

Answer 1

re-absorption of CSF

Question 2

Anoxia is the ____________________ of oxygen to the brain.

Answer 2

complete absence

Question 3

Normal blood oxygenation is about ____________________ percent.

Answer 3

95

Question 4

Brain tumors make up about ____________________ percent of all cancers.

Question 5

The brain contains a reservoir of glucose and oxygen.

Question 6

Embolic strokes involve ____________________ areas of the brain and occur at earlier ages.

Question 7

Left-hemisphere stroke is to ____________________ deficits as right hemisphere stroke is to visual-perceptual deficits.

Question 8

The pathological process underlying a thrombosis is related to ____________________.

Question 9

A disconnection syndrome is the most common problem when strokes occur near ____________________ structures.

Question 10

Intracerebral occurs ____________________ the brain while subarachnoid occurs surrounding the brain.

Question 11

A thrombosis in the brain is a(n)____________________ while a thrombosis in the heart is a heart attack.

Question 12

Many of the so-called 'behavioral' problems associated with stroke may be directly attributed to ____________________.

Question 13

Hypoxia is the ____________________ of oxygen to the brain.

Question 14

Labile emotional responses are a form of ____________________ behavior.

Question 15

Hydrocephalus results from problems with ____________________.

Question 16

Meningitis is a disorder of the meninges while herpes encephalitis is a disorder of the ____________________.

Question 17

An obvious danger in using an anticoagulant is the risk of ____________________.

Question 18

The grading of tumors range from 1 to ____________________.

Question 19

____________________ are relatively easy to remove for the neurosurgeon because of their encapsulated presentation.

Question 20

Apraxia is a loss of ____________________.

Question 21

Noninvasive tests are more accurate in diagnosing cerebrovascular disorders than invasive tests.

Question 22

People with right-hemisphere strokes usually require longer rehabilitation stays.

Question 23

The average age of a stroke victim is 80 years.

Question 24

If a small vessel is interrupted,the resulting problems are always as devastating as the interruption of a large vessel if it occurs in the right location.

Question 25

Deficits in arousal occur as the result of damage to limbic regions.

Question 26

Smokers are at increased risk of stroke.

Question 27

Cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of neurological disability.

Question 28

Depression most often occurs in anterior cerebral artery stroke.

Question 29

Neurons that die as the result of necrosis can regenerate if given enough time.

Question 30

Deficits from transient ischemic attacks are long lasting.

Question 31

Strokes of large arteries may result in coma and death.

Question 32

A disruption in blood supply to the brain will result in hydrocephalus.

Question 33

The presence of previous strokes is a strong predictor of disability.

Question 34

Many stroke-related cognitive deficits resolve over time.

Question 35

A migraine is a neurological disorder of the brain's ventricular structure.

Question 36

One of the most dramatic symptoms of left middle cerebral artery stroke is speech or communication deficits.

Question 37

Transient ischemic attacks are easily detected by CT.

Question 38

The memory problems associated with stroke are typically uniform across patients.

Question 39

Lowering a patient's blood pressure may be indicated as treatment for stroke.

Question 40

Following a stroke,surgery is sometimes necessary.

Question 41

Acoustic neuromas are likely to be accompanied by significant cognitive loss as well as hearing impairment.

Question 42

Pituitary adenomas account for 45% of brain tumors.

Question 43

What is the generic term for any pathological effect on brain tissue?

A)tumor
B)hypoxia
C)necrosis
D)lesion

Question 44

A slow growing glioma of the optic nerve or optic chiasm associated with visual loss is called an optic glioma.

Question 45

Parietal lobe tumors are likely to result in inattention and changes in motivation.

Question 46

The brain requires ____ of the body's oxygen.

A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)50%

Question 47

What is the term for a reduced level of oxygen to the brain?

A)lesion
B)necrosis
C)hypoxia
D)anoxia

Question 48

Consuming large quantities of alcohol has shown to be associated with reduced risk of stroke.

Question 49

A tumor of the basal ganglia may result in tremors.

Question 50

Chemotherapy is most effective in tumors that are actively dividing and producing DNA.

Question 51

The overall incidence of brain tumors for males and females is about equal.

Question 52

Neuropsychological evaluations are useful in establishing cognitive changes following surgical resection of a tumor.

Question 53

Cerebellar medulloblastomas and glioblastoma multiforme are more common in females.

Question 54

Verbal-semantic memory may be impacted following radiotherapy.

Question 55

Neuropsychological evaluations are useful in establishing a baseline of cognitive performance prior to surgical resection of a tumor.

Question 56

Meningiomas produce neuropsychological deficits by infiltrating the neural cells.

Question 57

Meningiomas are more frequent in females.

Question 58

Sudden-onset headache,nausea,and seizures may indicate a tumor.

Question 59

In an individual with seizures due to a tumor,an aura may provide information regarding the location of a tumor.

Question 60

Occipital lobe tumors are most frequently associated with expressive and receptive aphasias.

Question 61

Which of the following has been reported as an aura preceding a migraine headache?

A)flashes of light
B)blurred vision
C)skin numbness
D)all of these

Question 62

A TIA impacting posterior circulation is likely to result in:

A)aphasia.
B)limb weakness.
C)dysarthria.
D)double vision.

Question 63

Interference with the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid may result in:

A)sleep apnea.
B)anoxia.
C)communicating hydrocephalus.
D)obstructive hydrocephalus.

Question 64

Which of the following cranial nerves is implicated in migraine headaches?

A)occulomotor
B)olfactory
C)vagus
D)trigeminal

Question 65

Which of the following is an anti-thrombotic agent?

A)Aspirin
B)Tylenol
C)NoDoz
D)Motrin

Question 66

What is the most common cause of neurologic disability in the Western world?

A)hydrocephalus.
B)sleep apnea.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)cerebrovascular disease.

Question 67

Which of the following may be indicated following hemorrhage?

A)surgical intervention
B)anticoagulant
C)artificial embolization
D)all of these

Question 68

Hypoxic episodes associated with sleep apnea are most likely to occur:

A)in REM sleep.
B)in stage 4 sleep.
C)in conjunction with delta waves.
D)in stage 3 sleep.

Question 69

The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel is known as:

A)ischemia.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolism.
D)hematoma.

Question 70

Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in migraine?

A)norepinephrine
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 71

The buildup of fat deposits in arteries is known as:

A)thrombosis.
B)hemorrhage.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)hematoma.

Question 72

What is the general rule of thumb for necrosis in cases of anoxia?

A)An anoxic episode lasting 1-2 minutes will result in necrosis.
B)An anoxic episode lasting 4-6 minutes will result in necrosis.
C)An anoxic episode lasting 8-10 minutes will result in necrosis.
D)An anoxic episode lasting 20 minutes will result in necrosis.

Question 73

Which of the following is true regarding transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

A)Recovery takes place over 1-2 weeks.
B)The patient typically returns to a level of normal functioning.
C)Anoxia is usually a consequence of a TIA.
D)The complete loss of consciousness associated with a TIA typically last only about 4-6 minutes.

Question 74

What is the term for a loss of blood caused by the blockage of an artery?

A)ischemia
B)hemorrhage
C)infarction
D)hypoxia

Question 75

What is the term for the rupture of a blood vessel which results in the accumulation of blood within brain tissue?

A)ischemia
B)hemorrhage
C)infarction
D)hypoxia

Question 76

Why is the use of angiography limited?

A)It is cost-prohibitive.
B)There are risks associated with the procedure.
C)Angiography is not very accurate in the diagnosis of vascular disorders.
D)all of these

Question 77

Which of the following is most likely to result in hypoxia (as opposed to anoxia)?

A)cardiac arrest in a deep sea diver
B)mountain climbing in the Himalayas
C)gunshot wound to the head
D)near-drowning accident

Question 78

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for stroke?

A)gender
B)age
C)ethnicity
D)all of these

Question 79

Which of the following refers to a blood clot which has traveled from one part of the body to another?

A)thrombosis
B)hemorrhage
C)hematoma
D)embolism

Question 80

Which of the following would be considered a good prognostic indicator?

A)a stroke in a large blood vessel
B)the presence of a collateral blood vessel
C)a history of one other stroke
D)a lesion in the brain stem