Deck 7: Sampling

Question 1

In social scientific research,a population is the cluster of people or events or fill-in-the-blank from or about which you will actually gather data.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Snowball sampling,sometimes referred to as haphazard sampling,is most useful in exploratory research.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

To draw a purposive sample,a researcher begins with specific perspectives in mind that he or she wishes to examine and then seeks out research participants who cover that full range of perspectives.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Convenience sampling can be employed by qualitative researchers only.

Question 5

A researcher's findings need not be generalizable to be valuable.

Question 6

While employing quota sampling,the researcher selects cases from within several different subgroups.

Question 7

Quota sampling is only employed by quantitative researchers.

Question 8

With reference to research,population and sample are one and the same always.

Question 9

Random selection is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular parameter.

Question 10

Stratified sampling occurs when a researcher begins by sampling individuals separately.

Question 11

The goals of qualitative and quantitative research are the same.

Question 12

Sampling bias occurs when the elements selected for inclusion in a study represents the larger population from which they were drawn.

Question 13

Generalizability is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.

Question 14

The fact that nonprobability samples do not represent a larger population means that they are drawn arbitrarily or without any specific purpose in mind.

Question 15

Nonprobability sampling refers to sampling techniques for which a person's (or event's or whatever-the-researcher's-focus-is)likelihood of being selected for membership in the sample is known.

Question 16

Sampling frame is a list of all elements in a population.

Question 17

When clusters are of different sizes,as in the example of sampling college classes,researchers often use a method called selection interval.

Question 18

Probability sampling refers to sampling techniques for which a person's (or event's or whatever-the-researcher's-focus-is)likelihood of being selected for membership in the sample is not known.

Question 19

Stratified sampling is a good technique to use when a subgroup of interest makes up a relatively small proportion of the overall sample.

Question 20

Purposive sampling is sometimes referred to as chain referral sampling.

Question 21

In the context of nonprobability sampling,what is an element?

A)It is the process of selecting observations that will be analyzed for research purposes.
B)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
C)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher gathers data from the elements that happen to be convenient.
D)It is the individual unit that is the focus of a researcher's investigation.
E)It is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular parameter.

Question 22

In his study about an existing product in the market,Duncan limited his study only to those respondents who had been using the product for at least a year and were willing to be interviewed.In this scenario,Duncan used the _____ strategy to select the sample for his study.

A)purposive sampling
B)simple random sampling
C)systematic sampling
D)stratified sampling
E)cluster sampling

Question 23

Which of the following defines sampling error?

A)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
B)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
C)It is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular parameter.
D)It is the actual characteristics of a population on any given variable; determined by measuring all elements in a population.
E)It is the list of all elements in a population.

Question 24

A sample differs from a population in that the sample is:

A)the cluster of people or events or fill-in-the-blank from or about which you will actually gather data.
B)seldom a part of the population that is defined.
C)the cluster of people related to nomothetic research and uses ordinal,nominal,and index levels of measurement.
D)the cluster of people related to quantitative research.
E)the cluster of people related to qualitative research.

Question 25

In her research study,Patricia randomly selected 10 phone numbers from the telephone directory for the purpose of interviews.The phone directory is an example of the _____.

A)sampling frame
B)systematic sampling strategy
C)quota sampling strategy
D)conversion of indirect observation to selective observation
E)social location

Question 26

A researcher begins with a list of every member of his or her population of interest,numbers each element sequentially,and then randomly selects the elements from which he or she will collect data.In this case,the researcher's sample is known as a(n)_____.

A)simple random sample
B)snowball sample
C)convenience sample
D)quota sample
E)haphazard sample

Question 27

In the _____ sampling strategy,all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.

A)random selection
B)quota conversion
C)haphazard selection
D)convenience selection
E)snowball conversion

Question 28

_____ is an especially useful strategy when a researcher wishes to study some stigmatized group or behavior.

A)Snowball sampling
B)Purposive sampling
C)Quota sampling
D)Convenience sampling
E)Cluster sampling

Question 29

A population differs from a sample in that the population is:

A)a fraction of the sample.
B)the cluster of people,events,things,or other phenomena that you are most interested in.
C)the cluster of people related to quantitative research.
D)the cluster of people related to qualitative research.
E)the cluster of people related to nomothetic research and uses ordinal,nominal,and index levels of measurement.

Question 30

Which of the following is also known as haphazard sampling?

A)Snowball sampling
B)Purposive sampling
C)Quota sampling
D)Convenience sampling
E)Probability sampling

Question 31

In sampling,what is a parameter?

A)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher identifies subgroups within a population of interest and then selects some predetermined number of elements from within each subgroup.
B)It is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular element.
C)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher gathers data from the elements that happen to be convenient.
D)It is the actual characteristics of a population on any given variable; determined by measuring all elements in a population.
E)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.

Question 32

In the context of social scientific research,what is a population?

A)It is the group from which you actually collect data.
B)It is the individual unit that is the focus of a researcher's investigation.
C)It is the process of selecting observations that will be analyzed for research purposes.
D)It is the process of selecting research elements when drawing a nonprobability sample.
E)It is a type of measure that contains several indicators that vary in intensity.

Question 33

Which of the following sampling methods is most useful in exploratory research?

A)Purposive sampling
B)Convenience sampling
C)Snowball sampling
D)Quota sampling
E)Stratified sampling

Question 34

With reference to research,which of the following defines sampling?

A)It is the level of measurement for which variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity and can also be rank ordered.
B)It is the level of measurement for which variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity.
C)It is the process of selecting observations that will be analyzed for research purposes.
D)It is often the "who" or "what" that you want to be able to say something about at the end of your study.
E)It is a type of measure that contains several indicators that vary in intensity.

Question 35

In the context of research,which of the following defines generalizabilty?

A)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher gathers data from the elements that happen to be convenient.
B)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
C)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
D)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher identifies subgroups within a population of interest and then selects some predetermined number of elements from within each subgroup.
E)It is the actual characteristics of a population on any given variable; determined by measuring all elements in a population.

Question 36

In the context of sampling,what is random selection?

A)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
B)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
C)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher identifies subgroups within a population of interest and then selects some predetermined number of elements from within each subgroup.
D)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher gathers data from the elements that happen to be convenient.

Question 37

Which of the following defines the sampling frame?

A)It is a fraction of the defined population.
B)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
C)It is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular parameter.
D)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher gathers data from the elements that happen to be convenient.
E)It is the list of all elements in a population.

Question 38

In the _____ strategy,the researcher selects cases from within several different subgroups.

A)quota sampling
B)snowball sampling
C)purposive sampling
D)convenience sampling
E)haphazard sampling

Question 39

_____ is sometimes referred to as chain referral sampling.

A)Purposive sampling
B)Quota sampling
C)Convenience sampling
D)Haphazard sampling
E)Snowball sampling

Question 40

A researcher wanted to study how people suffering from leukaemia cope with their medical condition.The researcher randomly selects a respondent suffering from leukaemia and interviews that person.The participant refers another potential subject to the researcher.Having a previous participant vouch for the trustworthiness of the researcher may help new potential participants feel more comfortable about being included in the study.What type of sampling strategy does the researcher use in his study?

A)Purposive sampling
B)Quota sampling
C)Snowball sampling
D)Convenience sampling
E)Haphazard sampling

Question 41

Write a brief note on probability sampling.

Question 42

What is periodicity?

A)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher recruits study participants by asking prior participants to refer other.
B)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
C)It is a nonprobability sample type for which a researcher identifies subgroups within a population of interest and then selects some predetermined number of elements from within each subgroup.
D)It is the tendency for a pattern to occur at regular intervals.
E)It is the distance between elements selected for inclusion in a study.

Question 43

In the context of social scientific research,define population and sample.

Question 44

A researcher begins by sampling groups of population elements and then selects elements from within those groups.In this case,the researcher is using the _____ strategy.

A)convenience sampling
B)simple random sampling
C)snowball sampling
D)haphazard sampling
E)cluster sampling

Question 45

Define generalizability and random selection.

Question 46

What is sampling bias?

A)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
B)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
C)It is the individual unit that is the focus of a researcher's investigation; possible elements in social science include people,documents,organizations,groups,beliefs,or behaviors.
D)It is the group (be it people,events,etc.)from which you actually collect data.
E)It occurs when the elements selected for inclusion in a study do not represent the larger population from which they were drawn.

Question 47

A researcher divides a study population into relevant subgroups then draws a sample from each subgroup.In this case,the sample is known as a(n)_____.

A)convenience sample
B)snowball sample
C)systematic sample
D)haphazard sample
E)simple random sample

Question 48

Write a brief note on nonprobability sampling.

Question 49

With reference to systematic sampling,which of the following defines selection interval?

A)It is the idea that a study's results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated.
B)It is the principle that all elements in a researcher's target population have an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the study.
C)It is the extent to which a sample represents its population on a particular parameter.
D)It is the individual unit that is the focus of a researcher's investigation.
E)It is the distance between elements selected for inclusion in a study.

Question 50

In the context of sampling,which of the following is the formula for selection interval (k)?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 51

Given: Sample size = 20 units; selection interval = 4 What is the size of the population?

A)5 units
B)80 units
C)24 units
D)20 units
E)320 units

Question 52

Write a brief note on sampling.

Question 53

Briefly explain quota sampling.

Question 54

Which of the following uses a selection interval?

A)A simple random sample
B)A systematic sample
C)A snowball sample
D)A convenience sample
E)A haphazard sample

Question 55

A researcher divides the study population into relevant subgroups then draws a sample from within each subgroup.In this case,the researcher is using the _____ technique.

A)convenience sampling
B)stratified sampling
C)simple random sampling
D)snowball sampling
E)haphazard sampling

Question 56

Given: Population size = 320 units; selection interval = 4 What is the size of the sample?

A)5 units
B)80 units
C)24 units
D)20 units
E)320 units

Question 57

Write a short note on convenience sampling.

Question 58

If the population size in a research is 80 units and the sample size is one-forth the population size,the selection interval is _____.

A)16
B)1/4
C)-60
D)60
E)4

Question 59

The "probability proportionate to size" is a _____ technique in which each group is given a chance of selection based on its size.

A)simple random sampling
B)systematic sampling
C)cluster sampling
D)stratified sampling
E)haphazard sampling

Question 60

Which of the following is true of systematic sampling?

A)A researcher randomly selects elements from a sampling frame.
B)A researcher selects every kth element from the sampling frame.
C)A researcher creates subgroups then randomly selects elements from each subgroup.
D)A researcher conveniently selects the related respondents.
E)A researcher relies on participant referrals to recruit new participants.

Question 61

_____ is the individual unit that is the focus of a researcher's investigation.

Question 62

_____ occurs when the elements selected for inclusion in a study do not represent the larger population from which they were drawn.

Question 63

What is a sampling frame?

Question 64

Write a brief note on the stratified sampling strategy.

Question 65

Give an example on sampling bias.

Question 66

_____ is the process of selecting observations that will be analyzed for research purposes.

Question 67

_____ occurs when a researcher begins by sampling groups of population elements and then selects elements from within those groups.

Question 68

_____ is a statistical calculation of the difference between results from a sample and the actual parameters of a population.