Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Informal observation occurs when we make observations without any systematic process for observing or assessing accuracy of what is observed.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Selective observations involve observations without any systematic process for observing or assessing accuracy of what is observed.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The problem with informal observation is that sometimes it is right and sometimes it is wrong.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Qualitative methods of data collection can be represented by and condensed into numbers.

Question 5

The scientific study of human groups is better known as sociology.

Question 6

Sociology seldom relies on a systematic process of inquiry for gaining knowledge.

Question 7

Overgeneralization is a socially defined source of knowledge that might shape our beliefs about what is true and what is not true.

Question 8

Overgeneralization is a source of knowledge that might shape our own beliefs about what is true and what is not true.

Question 9

Public sociology lies near the middle of the basic/applied continuum.

Question 10

While individuals make up social patterns,every individual need not be a part of a pattern in order for a pattern to exist.

Question 11

A person's ontological perspective shapes her or his beliefs about the nature of reality.

Question 12

Evaluation research is the research conducted to assess the effects of specific programs or policies.

Question 13

Epistemology deals with research questions about "what is",rather than "how" we know what is.

Question 14

Authority occurs when we assume that broad patterns exist even when our observations have been limited.

Question 15

Sociology is a social science focused on patterns in society.

Question 16

An individual's life is seldom shaped by social scientific research.

Question 17

Ontology deals with research questions about "how" we know what is,rather than "what is."

Question 18

A research method is an organized,logical way of learning and knowing about our social world.

Question 19

Basic research is conducted for some purpose beyond or in addition to researcher interest.

Question 20

Applied research is motivated solely by the researcher's interest.

Question 21

_____ is the scientific study of humans in groups.

A)Sociology
B)Ornithology
C)Zoology
D)Botany
E)Ethology

Question 22

_____ is the assumption that broad patterns exist based on very limited observations.

A)Temporality
B)Authority
C)Ontology
D)Epistemology
E)Overgeneralization

Question 23

Quantitative research differs from qualitative research in that quantitative research:

A)collects data that yields results such as words or pictures.
B)collects data that can be represented by and condensed into numbers.
C)collects data that aims at gaining a shallow understanding about the research topic.
D)is a data collection method that focuses on a large number of cases.
E)is a data collection method that uses questionnaires to gather data.

Question 24

____ is known as a socially defined source of knowledge.

A)Belief
B)Authority
C)Value
D)Inheritance
E)Intuition

Question 25

Which of the following is true of qualitative research?

A)It aims to gain an in-depth understanding of a relatively small number of cases.
B)It results in data that can be represented by and condensed into numbers.
C)It seldom involves the use of selective observations.
D)It seldom involves the use of informal observations.
E)It offers less depth but more breadth because it typically focuses on a larger number of cases.

Question 26

Which of the following accurately describes a researcher whose main purpose is to understand the consequences of industrialization?

A)A gatekeeper
B)An philosopher
C)A public sociologist
D)An epistemologist
E)An ontologist

Question 27

Which of the following is true of informal observation?

A)It is a systematic process of observing a process or group of people.
B)It is seldom shaped by the beliefs and values of the researcher.
C)It is a way of knowing that attempts to systematically collect and categorize facts or truths.
D)It rarely contributes to the research fraternity.
E)It occurs when observations are made without any preconceived system or process.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of basic research?

A)It is often client focused.
B)In sociology,basic research is sociology for sociology's sake.
C)It is seldom motivated solely by researcher interest.
D)It lies somewhere in between applied research and public sociology.
E)It seldom collects facts or truths systematically.

Question 29

While conducting a research on the eating habits of kids aged between 5 and 8,Reuben accidently discovered that kids aged between 5 and 8 are emotionally attached to their parents than the kids aged below 5.Reuben's accidental discovery is an example of a(n)_____.

A)placebo effect
B)authority observation
C)contingent observation
D)informal observation
E)selective observation

Question 30

Applied research differs from basic research in that applied research:

A)is motivated solely by researcher interest.
B)is conducted for some purpose beyond researcher interest.
C)seldom deals with formal observational research.
D)seldom deals with informal observational research.
E)deals with the scientific study of humans in groups.

Question 31

Informal observation differs from selective observation in that informal observation:

A)makes observation without any systematic process for observing or assessing accuracy of what is observed.
B)notices only patterns that one has experienced directly or wishes to find.
C)assumes that broad patterns exist based on very limited observations.
D)does not assume that broad patterns exist based on very limited observations.
E)attempts to systematically collect and categorize facts or truths.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of applied research?

A)It is often client focused.
B)In sociology,applied research is sociology for sociology's sake.
C)It is motivated solely by researcher interest.
D)It lies somewhere in between basic research and public sociology.
E)It seldom collects facts or truths systematically.

Question 33

Ontology differs from epistemology in that ontology:

A)seldom deals with formal observational research.
B)does not deal with studies in sociology.
C)deals with studies in sociology.
D)deals with research questions of how we know what is.
E)deals with research questions about what is.

Question 34

Epistemology differs from ontology in that epistemology:

A)seldom deals with formal observational research.
B)does not deal with studies in sociology.
C)deals with studies in sociology.
D)deals with research questions of how we know what is.
E)deals with research questions about what is.

Question 35

Which of the following is true of quantitative research?

A)It aims to gain an in-depth understanding of a relatively small number of cases.
B)It collects data that yield results such as words or pictures.
C)It seldom involves the use of selective observations.
D)It seldom involves the use of informal observations.
E)It offers less depth but more breadth because it typically focuses on a larger number of cases.

Question 36

_____ is a particular way of knowing that attempts to systematically collect and categorize facts or truths.

A)A value
B)A belief
C)Science
D)Religion
E)Informal observation

Question 37

Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that qualitative research:

A)collects data that yields results such as words or pictures.
B)collects data that can be represented by and condensed into numbers.
C)collects data that aims at gaining a shallow understanding about the research topic.
D)is a data collection method that focuses on a large number of cases.
E)is a data collection method that uses questionnaires to gather data.

Question 38

Which of the following involves processes that are not deliberate?

A)Ontology
B)Authority
C)Contingent observation
D)Informal observation
E)Selective observation

Question 39

Basic research differs from applied research in that basic research:

A)is motivated solely by researcher interest.
B)is conducted for some purpose beyond or in addition to researcher interest.
C)seldom deals with formal observational research.
D)seldom deals with informal observational research.
E)deals with the scientific study of humans in groups.

Question 40

Based on few experiences,Connor assumed that all the respondents in his research study are generally stressed because they are addicted to smoking.Connor's assumption is an example of _____.

A)ornithology
B)authority
C)overgeneralization
D)ontology
E)epistemology

Question 41

What is evaluation research?

A)It is conducted to assess the effects of specific programs or policies.
B)It is the assumption that broad patterns exist based on very limited observations.
C)It is the observations made without any systematic process for observing or assessing accuracy of what is observed.
D)It is an interdisciplinary review committee tasked with protecting the rights of human research subjects.
E)It is a subject's voluntary agreement to participate in research based on a full understanding of the research.

Question 42

_____ is a particular way of knowing that attempts to systematically collect and categorize facts or truths.

Question 43

The plaintiffs of a gender bias suit enlisted Professor Rebecca to conduct an analysis of B&G Inc's personnel policies in order to support their claim that B&G engages in gender discriminatory practices.Rebecca's analysis shows that B&G Inc's compensation and promotion decisions may indeed have been vulnerable to gender bias.This gender bias suit is an example of:

A)available employment opportunities.
B)ontology vs.epistemology.
C)sociological research in action.
D)qualitative research vs.quantitative research.
E)the assumption that broad patterns exist based on very limited observations.

Question 44

What is public sociology?

Question 45

Which of the following is true of the considerations that social scientists should be aware of?

A)Social science is seldom concerned with patterns in society.
B)While individuals make up patterns,every individual need not be a part of a pattern in order for a pattern to exist.
C)Sociological research projects do not fall on a continuum from basic research to public sociology to applied research.
D)Qualitative methods are those that yield data such as numbers; quantitative methods are those that yield data such as words or pictures.
E)Epistemology is an analytic philosophy concerning the nature of reality; ontology is an analytic philosophy concerning how we know what we know.

Question 46

_____ research that is motivated solely by researcher interest.

Question 47

Rather than dealing with research questions about what is,_____ deals with questions of how we know what is.

Question 48

Give two reasons why students should care about social scientific research methods.

Question 49

Describe the specific considerations of which social scientists should be aware.

Question 50

Write a brief note on basic and applied research.

Question 51

What is ontology and epistemology?

Question 52

What is General Social Survey?

A)It is a type of research conducted to assess the effects of specific programs or policies.
B)It is a way of collecting data that yield results such as words or pictures.
C)It is a way of collecting data that can be represented by and condensed into numbers.
D)It is one of the largest sources of social scientific data in the United States.
E)It is the application of sociological theories and research to matters of public interest.

Question 53

_____ refers to one's analytic philosophy of the nature of reality.

Question 54

Differentiate qualitative from quantitative methods of data collection.

Question 55

_____ is collecting data that can be represented by and condensed into numbers.

Question 56

Describe what the phrase "sociology is a social science" means.

Question 57

What are the different ways of gaining knowledge?

Question 58

Write a brief note on General Social Survey.