Deck 2: Linking Methods With Theory

Question 1

Positivism emphasizes on the truth as varying,socially constructed,and ever-changing.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Theories seldom provide a way of looking at the world and of understanding human interaction.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Postmodernism assumes that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Critical paradigm assumes that truth in any form may or may not be knowable

Question 5

Social constructionism assumes that reality is created collectively and that social context and interaction frame our realities

Question 6

Critical paradigm emphasizes on power,inequality,and social change.

Question 7

In an inductive approach to research,a researcher will begin by collecting data that has something to do with her or his topic of interest.

Question 8

A study of globalization that examines the interrelationships between nations would be an example of a micro-level study.

Question 9

Both inductive and deductive methods can be used to form complementary approaches.

Question 10

At the micro level,sociologists examine social structures and institutions.

Question 11

At the core,theories can be used to provide explanations of any number or variety of phenomena.

Question 12

Theories often help us answer our "why" questions.

Question 13

Researchers taking a deductive approach start with a social theory that they find compelling and then test its implications with data.

Question 14

Social constructionism emphasizes on objectivity,knowability,and deductive logic.

Question 15

Postmodernism emphasizes on inherent problems with previous paradigms.

Question 16

Investigating groups is usually done at a meso level.

Question 17

Paradigms often help us answer our "how" questions.

Question 18

At the micro level,sociologists examine the smallest levels of interaction and even examine just "the self."

Question 19

An inductive approach to research is probably the approach people typically associate with scientific investigation.

Question 20

Positivism assumes that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically.

Question 21

_____ assumes that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically.

A)Critical paradigm
B)Positivism
C)Theology
D)Social constructionism
E)Postmodernism

Question 22

When sociologists investigate group,their inquiry is at the _____ level.

A)macro
B)micro
C)unitary
D)meso
E)nano

Question 23

Which of the following best suits research that involves analyzing workplace norms?

A)The micro approach
B)The meso approach
C)The macro approach
D)The unitary approach
E)The nano approach

Question 24

Which of the following best suits research that examines the interrelationships between nations?

A)The macro research
B)The micro research
C)The meso research
D)The unitary approach
E)The nano approach

Question 25

Which of the following posits that sociologists should set their personal opinions and beliefs aside in favor of pursuing objective truth?

A)Goal centered psychology
B)Overgeneralization
C)Value free sociology
D)Belief centered sociology
E)Assumption centered sociology

Question 26

_____ assumes that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind.

A)Critical paradigm
B)Negativism
C)Social constructionism
D)Postmodernism
E)Positivism

Question 27

At the _____ level,sociologists examine the smallest levels of interaction and examine just "the self."

A)meso
B)macro
C)micro
D)middle
E)intermediate

Question 28

_____ are a way of framing what we know,what we can know,and how we can know it.

A)Patterns
B)Paradigms
C)Hypothesis
D)Assumptions
E)Ordinal levels

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the difference between positivism and social constructionism?

A)Positivism focuses on group interactions and the interpretations of those interactions,whereas social constructionism focuses on the principles of objectivity,knowability,and deductive logic.
B)Positivism seeks "the truth",whereas social constructionism posits that "truth" is a varying,socially constructed,and ever-changing notion.
C)Positivism focuses on the idea that social context and interaction frame our realities,whereas social constructionism operates from the assumption that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically.
D)Positivism focuses on power,inequality,and social change,whereas social constructionism posits that sociologists should set their personal opinions and beliefs aside in favor of pursuing objective truth.
E)Positivism challenges almost every way of knowing that many social scientists take for granted,whereas social constructionism posits that sociologists should set their personal opinions and beliefs aside in favor of pursuing objective truth.

Question 30

_____ is a paradigm that challenges almost every way of knowing that many social scientists take for granted.

A)Positivism
B)Social constructionism
C)Postmodernism
D)Critical paradigm
E)Value-free sociology

Question 31

Examination of social structures and institutions is done at the _____ level.

A)micro
B)unitary
C)macro
D)meso
E)nano

Question 32

The level of enquiry is ____,when the researcher is analyzing interactions between a student and a teacher.

A)meso
B)micro
C)intermediate
D)middle
E)macro

Question 33

_____ focuses on power,inequality,and social change.

A)Social constructionism
B)Post modernism
C)Critical paradigm
D)Positivism
E)Value-free sociology

Question 34

_____ is a paradigm that argues that we create reality through our interactions and our interpretations of those interactions.

A)Post modernism
B)Positivism
C)Social constructionism
D)Value-free sociology
E)Critical paradigm

Question 35

A(n)_____ is an analytic lens,a way of viewing the world,and a framework from which to understand the human experience.

A)pattern
B)hypothesis
C)ratio level
D)paradigm
E)assumption

Question 36

_____ emphasizes that the truth as varying,socially constructed,and ever-changing.

A)Private constructionism
B)Postmodernism
C)Social constructionism
D)Critical paradigm
E)Positivism

Question 37

_____ is a paradigm guided by the principles of objectivity,knowability,and deductive logic.

A)Post modernism
B)Social constructionism
C)Positivism
D)Overgeneralization
E)Critical paradigm

Question 38

_____ is a paradigm that challenges most social scientific ways of knowing,arguing that there are no universals.

A)Private constructionism
B)Social constructionism
C)Critical paradigm
D)Postmodernism
E)Positivism

Question 39

_____ assumes that reality is created collectively and that community context and interaction frame our realities.

A)Positivism
B)Critical paradigm
C)Social constructionism
D)Postmodernism
E)Negativism

Question 40

_____ assumes that the truth in any form may or may not be knowable.

A)Negativism
B)Postmodernism
C)Social constructionism
D)Positivism
E)Critical paradigm

Question 41

In this scenario,the teachers' belief is an example of the _____.

A)deterrence theory
B)labeling theory
C)complementary theory
D)conducive theory
E)postmodernism theory

Question 42

Explain the deductive approach followed in research.

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the difference between inductive and deductive approaches in research?

A)The inductive approach requires hypotheses,whereas the deductive approach seldom requires hypotheses.
B)The inductive approach analyzes secondary data,while the deductive approach analyzes primary data.
C)The inductive approach deals with new observations,whereas the deductive approach deals with existing theories.
D)The inductive approach concentrates on data analysis,while the deductive approach concentrates on pattern visualization.
E)The inductive approach assumes that truth in any form may or may not be knowable,while the deductive assumes that reality is created collectively and that social context and interaction frame our realities.

Question 44

_____ is the paradigm that focuses on who wins and who loses based on the way that society is organized.

A)Negativism
B)Positivism
C)Structural functionalism
D)Conflict theory
E)Symbolic interactionism

Question 45

Which of the following is true of the difference between social constructionists and postmodernists?

A)Social constructionists may follow an individualistic perspective only,while postmodernists may follow a team oriented perspective only.
B)Social constructionists assume that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically,while post modernists assume that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind.
C)Social constructionists assume that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind,while post modernists assume that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically.
D)Social constructionists assume that truth in any form may or may not be knowable,while post modernists assume that reality is created collectively and that social context and interaction frame our realities.
E)Social constructionists may argue that truth is in the eye of the beholder,while postmodernists may claim that we can never really know such truth.

Question 46

_____ focus on how meaning is created and negotiated though meaningful symbolic reciprocations.

A)Postmodernists
B)Structural functionalists
C)Conflict theorists
D)Positivists
E)Symbolic interactionists

Question 47

A(n)_____ is a way of explanation,a mapping out of the why and how of the social phenomenon being studied.

A)assumption
B)pattern
C)theory
D)informal observation
E)selective observation

Question 48

_____ emphasizes on inherent problems with previous paradigms.

A)Private constructionism
B)Postmodernism
C)Social constructionism
D)Critical paradigm
E)Positivism

Question 49

Write a short note on postmodernism.

Question 50

What are the different paradigms in social science?

Question 51

What is a paradigm?

Question 52

_____ is the paradigm that focuses on the interrelations between various parts of society and how parts work together.

A)Negativism
B)Structural functionalism
C)Conflict theory
D)Postmodernism
E)Positivism

Question 53

Explain the similarities and differences between paradigms and sociological theories.

Question 54

In this scenario,the parents' belief is an example of the _____.

A)deterrence theory
B)labeling theory
C)complementary theory
D)conducive theory
E)postmodernism theory

Question 55

Explain the inductive approach followed in research.

Question 56

The _____ theory posits that sexual harassment is most likely to occur when a workplace lacks unified groups and when potentially vulnerable targets and motivated offenders are both present.

A)routine activities
B)structural functionalism
C)conflict
D)positivism
E)negativism

Question 57

Write a note on the three possible levels of inquiry upon which social scientific investigations might be based.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of the difference between critical paradigm and postmodernism?

A)Critical paradigm may claim that we can never really know any kind of truth,while postmodernists argue that truth is in the eye of the beholder.
B)Critical paradigm may argue that power,inequality,and change shape reality and truth,while postmodernism may in turn ask,whose power,whose inequality,whose change,whose reality,and whose truth?
C)Critical paradigm may follow an individualistic perspective only,while postmodernism may follow a team oriented perspective only.
D)Critical paradigm may follow a team oriented perspective only,while postmodernism may follow an individualistic perspective only.
E)Critical paradigm may follow a meso oriented approach only,while postmodernism may follow a macro oriented approach only.

Question 59

State the assumptions of the four types of social scientific paradigms.

Question 60

_____ suggest that a person's relationships,such as their marriages or friendships,are the key to understanding why and how workplace sexual harassment occurs,and how people will respond to it when it does occur.

A)Routine activists
B)Structural functionalists
C)Conflict theorists
D)Relational theorists
E)Symbolic interactionists

Question 61

How are theories,paradigms,and level of analysis relevant to sociological inquiry?

Question 62

In the_____,researchers develop hypotheses based on some theory or theories,collect data that can be used to test the hypotheses,and assess whether the data collected support the hypotheses.

Question 63

Describe the ways that inductive and deductive approaches may be complementary.

Question 64

The level of enquiry is ____,when the researcher is examining worldwide changes over time in laws regulating sex.

Question 65

In the _____,researchers collect data,analyze patterns in the data,and then theorize from the data.

Question 66

_____ focus on the power that different social relationships provide.

Question 67

The level of enquiry is ____,when the researcher is analyzing interactions between a couple.