Deck 16: Social Change: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Technology

Question 1

_____ is the spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a large number of people.

A) Assertive behavior
B) Cognitive behavior
C) Collective behavior
D) Prosocial behavior
E) Passive behavior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes social change?

A) It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
B) It is a temporary gathering of people who share a common interest or participate in a particular event.
C) It is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.
D) It refers to the spontaneous and unstructured social behavior of a large number of people.
E) It refers to the transformations of societies and social institutions over time.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Biotechnological advances are most readily available to higher-income people.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to the structural strain theory, leaders emerge during the mobilization for action stage.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of collective behavior?

A) It enables people to earn and save money.
B) It varies in its degree of spontaneity and structure.
C) It is static and inspires structured behavior.
D) It is a state of mind rather than an act.
E) It promotes the rights and welfare of all people.

Question 6

Carl participated in a protest against police brutality.During the protest, few members of the group started vandalizing public property.Carl, who is usually calm and controlled, also joined the others in vandalizing the property.In this scenario, which of the following theories supports Carl's behavior?

A)
Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Value-added theory

Question 7

According to the resource mobilization theory, people often feel that they deserve better than they have.

Question 8

According to the relative deprivation theory, shared beliefs combined with unfulfilled expectations can trigger change-oriented social movements.

Question 9

Collective behavior is a state of mind.

Question 10

Gossip is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.

Question 11

Minimally invasive robotic surgeries usually result in longer recovery processes.

Question 12

Reformative social movements want to completely destroy the existing social order and replace it with a new one.

Question 13

A protest crowd is a group of people that assembles for a specific purpose and follows established norms.

Question 14

Collective behavior that is structured and enduring brings long-term social changes.

Question 15

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that applies to all practical uses of living organisms.

Question 16

3-D printing is a process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.

Question 17

Nanotechnology is based on the structures and functions of living organisms.

Question 18

The _____ proposes that individuals act emotionally and irrationally due to a crowd's almost hypnotic influence.

A) contagion theory
B) convergence theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) structural strain theory
E) value-added theory

Question 19

If a social movement is successful, it can become an interest group and a part of society's fabric.

Question 20

Unlike other forms of collective behavior, social movements are goal-oriented, deliberate, structured, and can have a lasting impact on a society.

Question 21

The _____ proposes that crowds consist of like-minded people who deliberately assemble in a place to pursue a common goal.

A) contagion theory
B) convergence theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) structural strain theory
E) value-added theory

Question 22

Which of the following statements best defines the term panic?

A) It is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.
B) It is an act of spreading information to influence people's behavior.
C) It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared to others.
D) It is a widespread opinion of people on a particular issue.
E) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an urban legend?

A) A television news report about a scam
B) An anecdote about a politician's origin
C) An online video clipping of police brutality
D) A girl sharing secrets with her friend
E) A student spreading false information about a teacher

Question 24

A _____ is unfounded information that people spread quickly.

A) riot
B) fad
C) rumor
D) propaganda
E) fact

Question 25

James was part of a riot that took place in his home town against a government policy that was in favor of the wealthy population.One of the common issues faced by all the rioters was poverty and unemployment, and they were frustrated over the level of inequality between them and the wealthy citizens of the town.According to the structural strain theory, which of the following terms would be used to describe the frustrations that triggered James and the other rioters to protest?

A) Collective flight
B) Precipitating factors
C) Social control
D) Structural conduciveness
E) Milling

Question 26

Identify the reason why people believe an urban legend.

A) It reinforces what they think they already know.
B) It strengthens norms of what is deviant or unacceptable.
C) It is told by people they trust.
D) It makes them feel superior.
E) It gives them a sense of belonging.

Question 27

In the context of structural strain theory, which of the following statements is true of structural conduciveness?

A) It occurs when societal problems make people angry, frustrated, or interfere with their everyday lives.
B) It occurs when people begin to see a situation as a widespread problem instead of their own fault.
C) It occurs when opposing groups prevent, interrupt, or repress those advocating social change.
D) It occurs when people attribute the problem to a person or group and believe that something should be done.
E) It occurs when channels for expressing a grievance either are not available or fail.

Question 28

Sadie told a few of her friends at school that their physics teacher was selling drugs to students.Though the information was baseless, it spread to the entire school, and the physics teacher was asked to step down temporarily for an enquiry.Which of the following terms can be used to describe the information spread by Sadie?

A) Rumor
B) Fad
C) Rage
D) Fact
E) Propaganda

Question 29

Which of the following statements best defines the term gossip?

A) It is the act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
B) It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have.
C) It is the act of spreading evidence-based information.
D) It is a widespread attitude on a particular issue.
E) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.

Question 30

A(n) _____ is a group of people, not necessarily in direct contact with each other, who are interested in a particular issue.

A) riot
B) crowd
C) mob
D) assembly
E) public

Question 31

A(n) _____ is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.

A) propaganda
B) mass hysteria
C) urban legend
D) disaster
E) fad

Question 32

Which of the following theories proposes that collective behavior occurs only if six "value-added" conditions are present?

A) Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Cognitive theory

Question 33

Hope is a multispecialty hospital that provides high-quality healthcare.The staff of the hospital went on strike after the management refused to increase their pay.During the strike, the nurses developed new standards of protests, which included a sit-in, in order to come to an agreement with the management.Identify the theory of collective behavior illustrated in this scenario.

A) Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Value-added theory

Question 34

Which of the following statements best defines a fad?

A) It is an act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
B) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.
C) It is a fashion that spreads rapidly and enthusiastically but lasts only a short time.
D) It is an act of spreading information or misinformation to influence people's attitude or behavior.
E) It is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.

Question 35

_____ is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.

A) Mass hysteria
B) Public opinion
C) Fad
D) Propaganda
E) Relative deprivation

Question 36

When a riot broke out in the city of Verdana, the police tried to hold back the crowd using water cannons.According to the structural strain theory, which of the following terms would be used to describe the action taken by the police to regulate the crowd?

A) Mass hysteria
B) Milling
C) Structural conduciveness
D) Structural strain
E) Social control

Question 37

A(n) _____ refers to a story-funny, horrifying, or just odd-that supposedly happened somewhere.

A) propaganda
B) gossip
C) fad
D) urban legend
E) mass hysteria

Question 38

How does the convergence theory differ from the contagion theory?

A) The convergence theory argues that a crowd influences an individual, while the contagion theory states that individuals affect a crowd.
B) The convergence theory argues that individuals react spontaneously to a situation, while the contagion theory states that individuals develop norms as a situation unfolds.
C) The convergence theory argues that individuals affect a crowd, while the contagion theory states that the crowd influences an individual.
D) The convergence theory argues that crowds consist of dissimilar individuals, while the contagion theory states that crowds consist of like-minded people.
E) The convergence theory argues that social norms shape crowd behavior, while the contagion theory states that crowds are always orderly and focused.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of emergent norm theory?

A) It proposes that precipitating factors trigger events.
B) It emphasizes that social norms shape crowd behavior.
C) It states that people react spontaneously to a crowd.
D) It asserts the occurrence of a circular reaction in a crowd.
E) It emphasizes the influence of a crowd on an individual.

Question 40

Business Tower is a 35-storey building, housing the top corporations of the world.One summer afternoon, a short circuit in one of the wires of the building triggered the fire alarm.As soon as the alarm started ringing, there was a sudden, uncontrollable fear and anxiety among the people working in the building.The danger seemed so immense that people reacted irrationally, jammed the escape route, and started jumping off the building.As a result, a lot of people died, and many were seriously injured.In the given scenario, which of the following terms can be used to describe the irrational behavior of people?

A) Structural strain
B) Propaganda
C) Fad
D) Panic
E) Mania

Question 41

Which of the following statements best defines relative deprivation?

A) It refers to the state of people who are persistently poor, residentially segregated, and relatively isolated from the rest of the population.
B) It is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.
C) It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
D) It refers to an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.
E) It refers to the economic state of people who do not have enough money to afford the basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and shelter.

Question 42

Nina is part of a group that was formed to prevent cruelty toward animals.They organize fund raisers, promote vegetarianism, and conduct stage protests against organizations that test products on animals.Which of the following social movements best describes the social act of Nina and her group?

A) Resistance social movement
B) Alternative social movement
C) Revolutionary social movement
D) Reformative social movement
E) Redemptive social movement

Question 43

Which of the following theories states that social movements offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others?

A)
Symbolic interaction theory
B) New social movements theory
C) Resource mobilization theory
D) Relative deprivation theory
E) Mass society theory

Question 44

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following statements is true of a social movement?

A) It should try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.
B) It will succeed if it can put together an organization and leadership dedicated to advancing its cause.
C) It should offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others.
D) It should focus on bridging the gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
E) It will succeed if it seeks limited change and does not threaten the present state of affairs of the society.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a conventional crowd?

A) A group of people shopping at a mall
B) A group of people participating in a protest
C) A crowd watching a street play
D) A group of people attending a wedding
E) A crowd attending a baseball match

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true of social movements?

A) They are initiated solely for the purpose of generating a social change.
B) They involve a lot of face-to-face interaction.
C) They have the same characteristics as the other forms of collective behavior.
D) They are goal-oriented and can have a lasting impact on society.
E) They are unstructured and spontaneous.

Question 47

A _____ is a large and organized group of people who want to promote or resist a particular social change.

A) mob
B) riot
C) social movement
D) social institution
E) crowd

Question 48

Anne went to a doctor during her pregnancy to find out if her baby could inherit any disorders from her or her husband.The doctor performed a few diagnostic tests to help determine if her baby had any disorders.In the given scenario, identify the form of technology the doctor is likely to have used.

A)
Biometrics
B) Claytronics
C) Artificial intelligence
D) Biotechnology
E) Nanotechnology

Question 49

_____ is a broad term that applies to all practical uses of living organisms.

A) Biochemistry
B) Biomechanics
C) Biotechnology
D) Nanotechnology
E) Artificial intelligence

Question 50

In the _____ stage of a social movement, an organization becomes more bureaucratic and self-sufficient.

A) institutionalization
B) emergence
C) coalescence
D) decline
E) resurgence

Question 51

Which of the following statements best describes alternative social movements?

A) They want to completely destroy the existing social order and replace it with a new one.
B) They focus on changing some people's attitudes or behavior in a specific way.
C) They are a big threat to the status quo as they propose a dramatic change for everyone.
D) They want to change everyone, but only in a specific way.
E) They try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.

Question 52

Which of the following is a criticism of the resource mobilization theory?

A) It overemphasizes the role of structural factors.
B) It ignores the efforts of government programs.
C) It exaggerates the existence and effects of economic inequality.
D) It overstates people's altruistic motivations in a social movement's reformation.
E) It ignores the role of relative deprivation in a social movement's formation.

Question 53

Which of the following is a characteristic of propaganda?

A) It spreads rapidly and lasts forever.
B) It can create attitudes that will arouse collective outbursts.
C) It is an action and not a verbalization.
D) It is a source of genuine information exclusive of deception.
E) It is a form of collective behavior.

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the emergence stage of a social movement?

A) The number of staff positions increases, members draw up bylaws, and the organization hires outsiders.
B) The original leaders move on to better paying and more influential positions.
C) The movement develops chapters at local, regional, national, and international levels.
D) The leaders verbalize the feelings of the discontented, crystallize the issues, and push for action.
E) The organization establishes a division of labor in which leaders make policy decisions and followers perform necessary tasks.

Question 55

Which of the following is a component of public opinion?

A) It concerns a limited number of people.
B) It is based on actions rather than words.
C) It involves a controversial issue.
D) It is not influenced by propaganda.
E) It does not affect collective behavior.

Question 56

Which of the following best defines nanotechnology?

A) It is concerned with the chemical processes and substances which occur within living organisms.
B) It is the ability to build objects one atom or molecule at a time.
C) It is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products.
D) It is the process of making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.
E) It is the process of using computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

Question 57

Which of the following statements best defines a riot?

A) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.
B) It is a group of people, not necessarily in direct contact, who are interested in a particular issue.
C) It is a large and organized group of people who want to promote or resist a particular social change.
D) It is a widespread opinion of people on a particular issue.
E) It is a violent crowd that directs its hostility at a wide and shifting range of targets.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true about redemptive social movements?

A) They are based on spiritual or supernatural beliefs.
B) They form immediately after an earlier movement has succeeded in creating change.
C) They bring change in society through the use of violence and intimidation.
D) They seek limited change and only for some people.
E) They try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.

Question 59

Identify a true statement about revolutionary social movements.

A) They are based on spiritual or supernatural beliefs.
B) They form immediately after an earlier movement has succeeded in creating change.
C) They bring change in society through the use of violence and intimidation.
D) They seek limited change and only for some people.
E) They are the least threatening to the status quo and do not want to replace the existing social order.

Question 60

A(n) _____ is a highly emotional and disorderly crowd that uses force, the threat of force, or violence against a specific target.

A) clique
B) mob
C) public
D) assembly
E) cult

Question 61

Analyze some of the ethical issues of technology.Illustrate your answer with examples.

Question 62

What is a riot? How do riots differ from mobs?

Question 63

Explain the stages of a social movement.

Question 64

A(n) _____ is a building block of the human body that can replicate indefinitely.

A) zygote
B) stem cell
C) nerve cell
D) embryo
E) gene

Question 65

In the context of technology, which of the following is a benefit of robotic surgery?

A) It is inexpensive compared to traditional surgery.
B) It is a painless process.
C) It has more advantageous outcomes than traditional surgery.
D) It is compatible with traditional operating instruments and equipment.
E) It reduces physician fatigue.

Question 66

Explain the terms panic and mass hysteria.Examine the impact they have on people.

Question 67

In the context of technology, identify a true statement about collaborative consumption.

A) The cost of purchasing products or services is borne by one individual.
B) The ownership of the assets is transferred to the user.
C) It limits the sharing of goods or services.
D) It enables people to earn and save money by sharing goods and services.
E) It is an expensive form of trading.

Question 68

Examine the disadvantages of 3-D printing technology.

Question 69

How does new technology benefit older adults?

A) It offers them a sense of belonging.
B) It is inexpensive and affordable.
C) It is quickly adopted by them.
D) It allows them to live at home rather than in an institutional setting.
E) It acts as a good source of entertainment and emotional support.

Question 70

What is propaganda? Discuss the impact it has on public and public opinion.Support your answer with examples.

Question 71

What is public opinion? Describe its components, and illustrate your answer with an example.

Question 72

Critically evaluate the mass society theory and new social movements theory.

Question 73

Critically evaluate the relative deprivation theory of social movement.

Question 74

Discuss the reasons for the emergence of a fad.

Question 75

Describe any two types of crowds, and support your answer with an example each.

Question 76

Discuss the institutionalization stage of a social movement.

Question 77

Describe any two types of social movements.

Question 78

Critically evaluate the convergence theory of collective behavior.

Question 79

_____ can be preserved and used in the treatment of diseases like leukemia, Parkinson's, and numerous other health problems.

A) Stem cells
B) Nerve cells
C) Muscle cells
D) Genes
E) Zygotes

Question 80

Discuss the benefits of technology in health and medicine.