Deck 12: Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls

Question 1

Carol is a mother of three children.Her day-to-day responsibilities as a mother involve preparing food for her children, helping with their homework, and dropping them at school.Due to the wide range of responsibilities, she often finds it difficult to devote equal time to all three children.This is an example of a ________.

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role enhancement
D) role overload

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Devin expects absolute compliance from his children.He sets rigid rules and expects his children to follow them without questioning him.His style of parenting is an example of ________ parenting.

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) uninvolved

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a boomerang child?

A) Greg, who is married with children, is moving back into his parents' home.
B) Mary is moving out of her parents' house because she has found a job.
C) Chris is paying his own tuition fees at college.
D) Harry, who is in high school, is working part-time to help out his parents financially.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The myth that mothering comes naturally creates several problems.One of the problems is that it ________.

A) assumes that a good mother cannot be perfect if she only follows her instincts
B) implies that there's something wrong with mothers who don't devote all their time to child rearing
C) encourages the involvement of the father of the baby in all child rearing activities
D) expects mothers to seek help from her parents and relatives in rearing children effectively

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of maternal gatekeeping?

A) Linda often prioritizes her family's needs over her own.
B) Barbara criticizes the way her husband, Tom, prepares the baby's meals.
C) Patricia prioritizes her job over her domestic responsibilities.
D) Melissa and John share their household tasks equally among themselves.

Question 6

Which of the following factors contributes to parents' role strain?

A) realistic role expectations
B) indifference to performing roles
C) decreased responsibility
D) decreased authority

Question 7

Which of the following best describes absentee fathers?

A) fathers who died when their children were young
B) fathers who have abandoned their families
C) fathers who are away at work in another country
D) fathers who spend more time at work and less time with their families

Question 8

Role ________ can be described as the conflicts that someone feels within a role.

A) overload
B) strain
C) engagement
D) conflict

Question 9

Children are put into a foster home when ________.

A) they need to be medically treated
B) there is a death of one of the parents
C) they are subjected to parental neglect
D) they need to be reunited with their biological parents

Question 10

The frustrations and uncertainties a person experiences when the expectations of two or more roles are incompatible is called role ________.

A) conflict
B) variation
C) engagement
D) strain

Question 11

One of the factors that contributes to role strain is unrealistic role expectations.Which of the following is an example of this factor?

A) Many parents believe that they have less authority in raising kids than did parents in the past.
B) Teachers don't penalize students when they fare poorly in class assignments if they perform well in their exams.
C) Parents are under a lot of pressure to ensure that their children grow up to be well-rounded, responsible adults.
D) Parents today have lesser responsibilities in raising children because most schools have after-school programs.

Question 12

Children who grow up in communities with high levels of crime and drug peddling benefit most from ________ parenting.

A) indifferent
B) permissive
C) authoritarian
D) uninvolved

Question 13

Why is the transition to motherhood linked to a decline in marital satisfaction?

A) Women believe that the child care and increased housework is unequal.
B) Mothers experience lower levels of stress than married women without children.
C) Most mothers believe in traditional gender roles when it comes to child rearing.
D) Mothers feel that her parents should take an active part in child rearing activities.

Question 14

Which of the following parenting styles is considered to be most effective in contributing to healthy child development?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) uninvolved
D) authoritative

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the relationship between role overload and role conflict?

A) Role overload eliminates role conflict.
B) They both result from realistic role expectations.
C) Role overload can lead to role conflict.
D) They both are a result of decreased responsibilities.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of role overload?

A) It indicates conflicts that a person feels within a role.
B) It involves being overburdened by one primary role.
C) It is also known as role strain.
D) It refers to feeling overwhelmed by multiple commitments.

Question 17

In the imitation stage of George Herbert Mead's theory of the social self, children ________.

A) mimic the behavior of significant others
B) begin to use language
C) distinguish between self and others
D) learn social norms

Question 18

Which theorist focused on social interaction as the core of the developing human being?

A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) George Herbert Mead
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 19

Illustrate a scenario that explains the concept of role overload.

Question 20

Ben needs to attend his son's parent-teacher meeting.However, he also has an important meeting at work scheduled at the same time.Therefore, he may not be able to attend the parent-teacher meeting.This is an example of ________.

A) role strain
B) role conflict
C) role fulfillment
D) role remorse

Question 21

Jenifer and Rachel are both mothers of teenage children.They are discussing which parenting style is most effective.Jenifer states that authoritative parenting is better than permissive parenting.However, Rachel argues that permissive parenting is a better approach.Which of the following, if true, would weaken Rachel's argument?

A) A majority of children who grow up in homes with disciplinary parents tend to be hyperactive and irritable.
B) Studies show that children with responsive parents are able to assume leadership positions in adulthood more efficiently.
C) Adolescents raised in lenient households tend to be less mature and less responsible.
D) Research indicates that setting fewer boundaries for children helps them become more self-reliant.

Question 22

Which of the following theorists traces human development through eight stages over an individual's entire life span?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Jean Piaget
D) Erik Erikson

Question 23

Kim is 13 years old.She knows that if she does not get good grades, her mother would not allow her to go out for movies.According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, Kim is in the ________ stage.

A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) trust vs.mistrust
D) formal operational

Question 24

Which of the following is a difference between authoritarian and permissive parents?

A) Authoritarian parents are more responsive.
B) Permissive parents place fewer requirements on their children for orderly behavior.
C) Authoritarian parents are less regulatory.
D) Permissive parents demonstrate lesser warmth and support toward their children.

Question 25

Chris's mother agrees to let him go out to a movie on the condition that he would finish his homework first.In this scenario, Chris's mother is an example of an ________ parent.

A) authoritarian
B) indifferent
C) uninvolved
D) authoritative

Question 26

Authoritative parenting is different from authoritarian parenting in that ________.

A) parents are more understanding in authoritarian parenting
B) autonomy is more encouraged in authoritarian parenting
C) lesser positive reinforcements are used in authoritative parenting
D) verbal give-and-take is rarer in authoritarian parenting

Question 27

The ________ style involves parenting that is demanding but is also supportive and responsive.

A) authoritative
B) uninvolved
C) authoritarian
D) permissive

Question 28

Which of the following best describes authoritarian parenting?

A) parenting that is neither supportive nor demanding because parents are indifferent
B) parenting that is supportive and responsive
C) parenting that is demanding, controlling, and rigid
D) parenting that is warm, responsive, and indulgent

Question 29

The first stage in Erikson's psychological theory of human development is the ________ stage.

A) initiative vs.guilt
B) identity vs.identity confusion
C) trust vs.mistrust
D) generativity vs.self-absorption

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of permissive parents?

A) indulgent
B) punitive
C) demanding
D) indifferent

Question 31

A difference between authoritative and uninvolved parenting is that ________.

A) uninvolved parents establish more rules for their children
B) uninvolved parents are more indulgent
C) authoritative parents interact more often with their children
D) authoritative parents are less demanding

Question 32

The parenting style in which both parental control and parental support are high is ________ parenting.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) uninvolved

Question 33

Tiffany, who is four years old, pulled her sister's hair and made her cry.Knowing that she has done wrong, Tiffany begins to cry as well.According to the psychosocial theory of human development, in which of the following stages is Tiffany?

A) identity vs.identity confusion stage
B) preoperational stage
C) sensorimotor stage
D) initiative vs.guilt stage

Question 34

In the ________ stage in the theory of the social self, children learn social norms, especially that they are expected to behave in certain ways.

A) play
B) autonomy
C) imitation
D) trust

Question 35

According to Erikson's theory of human development, the identity vs.identity confusion stage occurs in the ________ age group.

A) birth to 1
B) 13 to 19
C) 2 to 3
D) 31 to 64

Question 36

Peyton is two years old.After watching her sister pat their dog, she starts doing the same.She often observes her sister and repeats her actions.According to Mead's theory of social self, in which of the following stages is Peyton?

A) the games stage
B) the imitation stage
C) the preoperational stage
D) the initiative vs.guilt stage

Question 37

Barry is the father of seven-year-old Kevin.Barry believes that adopting an authoritative parenting style would help Kevin grow up to become a mature, responsible adult.Which of the following, if true, would strengthen his belief?

A) Healthy child development is most likely when parents consistently combine warmth and discipline.
B) Children grow up to be responsible adults when they learn to accept parental authority without questioning them.
C) Research indicates that healthy child development occurs when parents are detached from their children and do not interfere in their affairs.
D) A child grows up to become a balanced, responsible adult when parents are indulgent and avoid being demanding.

Question 38

Which of the following is true of authoritarian parents?

A) They instill autonomy and self-reliance in children.
B) They use forceful measures to control children's behavior.
C) They use positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior.
D) They encourage verbal give-and-take.

Question 39

In George Herbert Mead's theory of the social self, a difference between the imitation and play stage is that in the ________.

A) play stage, children learn to respond to and fulfill social roles
B) play stage, children distinguish between self and others
C) imitation stage, children learn to play multiple roles
D) imitation stage, children participate in organized activities

Question 40

According to the cognitive development theory, children learn to discern cause and effect and begin to understand the views of others in the ________ stage.

A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) generativity vs.self-absorption

Question 41

Intentional bed sharers are ________.

A) siblings who prefer to share their beds with each other
B) parents who share their beds only because their children are used to sleeping with them
C) siblings who prefer to share their beds with their parents instead of their siblings
D) parents who endorse the ideology of bed sharing

Question 42

Which of the following best describes a middle-SES family?

A) families in which parents work in minimum wage jobs
B) families in which parents have a high school diploma and work in blue-collar jobs
C) families in which parents work in managerial positions
D) families in which parents are unemployed because they have no occupational skills

Question 43

Which of the following is true of low SES-families?

A) Mothers in SES families are more likely to talk to their infants than those in middle-SES families.
B) Parents in low-SES families are less likely to experience interpersonal conflict than middle-SES families.
C) Parents in low-SES families are more likely to work in blue-collar jobs than those in middle-SES families.
D) Mothers in low-SES families are more likely to be depressed than those in high-SES families.

Question 44

Research indicates that the most vulnerable low-SES families are those formed by adolescents.Which of the following, if true, is most likely to strengthen this finding?

A) Families formed by adolescents often receive resources and support from their families.
B) Teenage parents don't have a strong parenting alliance in raising children.
C) Research indicates that adolescents in the past tended to be less responsible than they are today.
D) Adolescents are more inclined to maintain and nurture relationships with their partners.

Question 45

Raymond, a researcher, is conducting a study on child development.After observing several infants, he finds that parental conflicts have no effect on babies as they are too young to understand.Which of the following, if true, would weaken Raymond's argument?

A) Babies understand the facial expressions of people around them and react accordingly.
B) Many gifted children don't recognize or develop their skills until adolescence.
C) A baby's early achievements-such as reaching, sitting, crawling, or talking-are rarely good indicators of intelligence.
D) Babies are oblivious to parental yelling because they are at a development stage when they are only aware of their physiological needs.

Question 46

Problem parents have an adverse effect on their children by ________.

A) overcontrolling their children's lives
B) not telling their children to do the right thing
C) setting very high standards for children to live up to
D) not being good role models

Question 47

Clara is the mother of five-year-old Ashton.Ashton is an energetic child who often behaves violently and goes into rages when he doesn't get his way with things.Ashton's doctor has diagnosed him with a behavioral disorder.In this scenario, Ashton's diagnosis is an example of ________.

A) generalization
B) medicalization
C) socialization
D) stigmatization

Question 48

How is medicalization beneficial for parents?

A) Children have more free time a week, including unstructured play at home.
B) DSM maladies are likely to be covered by insurance plans or receive special treatment.
C) It helps generate profit for pharmaceutical corporations.
D) Antipsychotic drugs given for behavioral disorders are largely untested.

Question 49

Which of the following is a difference between heterosexual families and homosexual families?

A) There exists a genderless division of labor in homosexual families unlike in heterosexual parents.
B) Heterosexual families are subjected to more prejudice and discrimination than homosexual families.
C) Parents in homosexual families tend to co-parent more equally than parents in heterosexual families.
D) Parents in homosexual families do not have to juggle work and domestic responsibilities like parents in heterosexual families.

Question 50

Dr.Williams is having a counseling session with his patient, Kelly.After listening to Kelly's experiences, Dr.Williams finds that she is undergoing adultification.Which of the following statements, if true, is most likely to have contributed to Dr.William's finding?

A) When she turned 18, Kelly traveled to another country to pursue her graduation.
B) Kelly was married by the time she was 28 years old.
C) Kelly had to drop out of school to take care of her ailing mother.
D) Kelly was a rebellious teenager and often skipped school to spend time with her friends.

Question 51

Which of the following does corporal punishment involve?

A) employing physical punishment
B) using positive reinforcements
C) threatening to kick a child out of the house
D) calling a child names

Question 52

Jake's father, an entrepreneur, is too overwhelmed by his work to pay any attention to Jake.He never attends Jake's school events and hardly ever interacts with Jake.This is an example of ________ parenting.

A) permissive
B) uninvolved
C) indulgent
D) authoritative

Question 53

A difference between low-SES families and middle-SES families is that ________.

A) middle-SES families face more problems of unemployment and racism
B) low-SES families have more occupational skills
C) low-SES families experience more problems associated with unemployment
D) low-SES families are more likely to seek professional advice about a child's development

Question 54

________ bed sharers are parents who reluctantly bed share because of an infant's nighttime problems.

A) Reactive
B) Permissive
C) Intentional
D) Proactive

Question 55

Which of the following is a characteristic of helicopter parents?

A) overinvolvement
B) indifference
C) empowering
D) unresponsiveness

Question 56

Which of the following best describes latchkey kids?

A) kids who are left home alone while parents are at work
B) kids who interact regularly with their parents
C) kids who share beds with their parents
D) kids left with relatives when their parents travel out of town

Question 57

Caroline, the mother of sixteen-year-old Melody, is an interfering and intrusive parent.She wants to know where Melody is at all times.Whenever Melody steps out of the house, Caroline calls her every hour to check in on her.In this scenario, Caroline is a(n)________ parent.

A) reactive
B) unresponsive
C) helicopter
D) problem

Question 58

Which of the following is a consequence of a rise in dual-employed with kids (DEWKs)families?

A) lower standards of living
B) higher number of latchkey children
C) decreased role overload
D) more time that parents spend with children

Question 59

Which of the following is a myth about child development?

A) Crying is the only way that babies can tell parents that they are hungry.
B) The more stimulation a baby gets, the better.
C) Special talents can surface in adolescence or in later life.
D) Parental conflicts affect babies.

Question 60

Researchers and pediatricians believe that physical punishment is a futile disciplinary method.They state that it has negative, long-term effects.Which of the following, if true, is most likely to support their belief?

A) Research indicates that children raised in permissive homes are less likely to be swayed by harmful peer pressure.
B) Physical punishment discourages children from misbehaving.
C) Studies show that physical punishment results in higher levels of aggression against parents.
D) Corporal punishment reduces externalizing behavior of children.

Question 61

List out some of the factors that cause fathers to be absent.Discuss briefly its effect on families.

Question 62

In Mead's theory of the social self, what does the games stage involve? Describe briefly.

Question 63

Describe the concept of permissive parenting.Illustrate this with an example.

Question 64

What is cyber bullying?

Question 65

Discuss three factors that cause role strain for parents.

Question 66

In what ways are low-SES families different from high-SES families?

Question 67

In Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, how does the preoperational stage differ from the concrete operational stage? Explain.

Question 68

What are the effects of corporal punishment on children?

Question 69

What is a foster home? What are some of the benefits of foster homes?

Question 70

How does helicopter parenting impact children?

Question 71

What are some of the reasons why bed sharing is advocated by pediatricians?