Deck 1: he Changing Family

Question 1

During a debate about the changing nature of families, Jim states that family problems are more prevalent today.However, Ryan believes otherwise and argues that family issues have always existed.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Ryan's argument?

A) Out of wedlock births, domestic violence, and desertion by a parent or spouse were experienced rarely in the past.
B) Parents spend more time with their children today than they did in the past.
C) Teenage pregnancy rates were lower in the 1950s than they are today.
D) Historical data about families in the past indicate that families were stronger then than they are now.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Nonrelatives who are accepted as part of the family because they have strong bonds with biological family members and provide important services and care are known as ________.

A) consanguineal kin
B) fictive kin
C) nurtured kin
D) affiant kin

Answer 2

B

Question 3

From a company's perspective, which of the following is a reason why companies adopt a cross-cultural or global view to understand societies?

A) It helps employees understand the practices of other nations before traveling abroad for work.
B) It helps companies maintain a more homogeneous workforce.
C) It encourages people to have an ethnocentric belief in the superiority of their own culture.
D) It helps companies limit their operations to their home country.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is characteristic of a primary group?

A) impersonal relationships
B) few emotional ties to one another
C) close, intimate interaction
D) similar standing or rank based on wealth

Question 5

Jim and Lara, a couple, have lived together for a period of 10 years.Most of their friends and families consider their relationship as socially acceptable.They also file a joint tax return.However, they do not have a marriage license nor have they been married by an authorized official.This is an example of a ________.

A) open marriage
B) common-law marriage
C) ceremonial marriage
D) procedural marriage

Question 6

Which of the following is a difference between traditional and current definition of the family?

A) Unlike current definitions of the family, traditional definitions encompass fictive kin.
B) Unlike traditional definitions of the family, current definitions exclude child-free couples.
C) Unlike traditional definitions of the family, current definitions do not explicitly include marriage and procreation.
D) Unlike current definitions of the family, traditional definitions include diverse groups such as foster parents and their charges.

Question 7

Lisa and James volunteer as a host family in a foreign exchange student program at the local university.They provide accommodation, food, and a family environment to an exchange student.They volunteer to experience a new culture and at the same time provide a new cultural experience to the student.The relationship between them and the exchange student exemplifies a(n)________.

A) fictive kinship
B) lineal kinship
C) affiant kinship
D) consanguineal kinship

Question 8

According to Social Security laws, which of the following is true of employee health care benefits?

A) It does not cover a worker's dependent parents.
B) It covers a worker's children.
C) It covers a worker's child born out of wedlock.
D) It covers unmarried partners who have long-term committed relationships.

Question 9

Maria's family is Catholic and insists that Maria marry a man who is also from a Catholic family.This practice of marrying within a certain group is referred to as ________.

A) exogamy
B) polygamy
C) bigamy
D) endogamy

Question 10

Co-workers in the sales department of a company work closely together.These members of the sales department together make up a ________ group.

A) familial
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) secondary

Question 11

________ refers to a cultural practice that requires marrying outside one's group, such as not marrying one's relatives.

A) Bigamy
B) Exogamy
C) Endogamy
D) Homogamy

Question 12

Joe and Jenny, two software professionals who loved to party and travel, were married for just over two years when they filed for divorce.Their families and friends took a micro-level perspective of their fall out.Which of the following best represents their perspective?

A) The divorce was a result of technological advancements, the Internet and online social networking.
B) The divorce was a result of popular culture including television, pop music, magazines, and movies, which are major sources of misinformation about family life.
C) The divorce was a result of women's movements, which transformed Jenny making her less financially dependent on Joe.
D) The divorce was a result of their unrealistic and immature decisions regarding their lifestyle.

Question 13

People believe that in the past there were fewer problems, people were happier, and families were stronger because ________.

A) of the widespread influence of movies and television presenting these images of the family
B) many historians maintain that such golden days existed
C) grandparents always talk about the golden days
D) people's knowledge of the past is mostly accurate

Question 14

Martha and Peter have been in a committed relationship for the past eight years.They care for each other and share all domestic and financial responsibilities.According to the U.S.Census Bureau, which of the following is true of their living arrangement?

A) It is a nonfamily household.
B) It is family household.
C) It is an illegal arrangement.
D) It is a fictive household.

Question 15

The family into which a person is adopted or raised is called the family of ________.

A) orientation
B) procreation
C) emplacement
D) origin

Question 16

While being legally married to Cassie, James married Lisa, too.James has engaged in ________.

A) hypergamy
B) homogamy
C) bigamy
D) endogamy

Question 17

What is a family policy? Explain.

Question 18

________ refer to culturally defined rules for behavior.

A) Roles
B) Accommodations
C) Norms
D) Taboos

Question 19

A marriage in which the couple must follow procedures specified by the state or other jurisdiction, such as buying a license, is called a ________.

A) ceremonial marriage
B) common-law marriage
C) nonceremonial marriage
D) domestic partnership

Question 20

________ refers to the cultural norms and laws that forbid sexual intercourse between close blood relatives, such as brother and sister, father and daughter, uncle and niece, or grandparent and grandchild.

A) Menstrual taboo
B) Endogamy
C) Incest taboo
D) Polygamy

Question 21

The family a person forms by marrying and having or adopting children is referred to as the ________.

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) family of procreation
D) family of orientation

Question 22

Stephen believes that families always stand for love and security.Linda, on the other hand, has an opinion that families can also be a physically and psychologically brutal setting in society.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Stephen's point of view?

A) Young adults now tend to have a very realistic perspective about families and thus have fewer conflicts.
B) Many parents experience stress while balancing the demands of work and family responsibilities.
C) Most young adults now are more economically sound and also appreciate the benefits of multigenerational households.
D) Most families are now becoming egalitarian, where both the parents equally participate in all the tasks.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the egalitarian family system?

A) Important family decisions are taken by the eldest woman in the household.
B) Women are marginalized and oppressed in such households.
C) Both spouses share equal duties and responsibilities in such households.
D) Important family decisions are taken by the eldest man in the household.

Question 24

Rebecca is of the opinion that very few families, either in the past or in the present, can be called self-sufficient.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports Rebecca's opinion?

A) Families have prospered since the 1970s because of their savings and individual enterprises.
B) A majority of people who have reached retirement are leading comfortable lives despite not being eligible for Medicare and Social Security.
C) Many individuals in the middle class are likely to have collected unemployment payments after being laid off.
D) The government provides no tax cuts for middle-income and affluent families.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of polyandry?

A) It is more common than polygyny in many societies.
B) It exists in societies in which there is a shortage of men.
C) It is a practice in which one man marries two or more women.
D) It occurs when one man finds it difficult to provide for a family.

Question 26

Which of the following is a similarity between ceremonial marriage and common-law marriage?

A) Both of them require partners to meet certain minimum age requirements.
B) Both of these allow the partners for bigamy.
C) Both of them require partners to follow procedures specified by the state or other jurisdiction.
D) Both of them recognize couples as married if they have been living together for a certain period of time.

Question 27

A household made up of married parents and their biological or adopted children is called a(n)________.

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) joint family
D) stepfamily

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true regarding self-sufficiency of the American family?

A) Few families-past or present-have been entirely self-sufficient.
B) Most families in the past were entirely self-sufficient.
C) Middle class families tend to prosper because they are the most self-sufficient.
D) Only the poorest families tend to need help from the government.

Question 29

Since the early 1990s, the tendency for young married adults to live with the parents of either the wife or husband, or sometimes with the grandparents of one of the partners has increased.Which of the following is an accurate reason for this?

A) Children are now most likely to be staying in two-parent households as divorce rates have declined.
B) At least half of all young couples can't afford a medium-priced house.
C) Most families are now self-sufficient as most couples are employed.
D) Most young adults now do not like staying in multigenerational households.

Question 30

Maria has been married four times over a period of 22 years.None of her marriages lasted more than a few years.However, she was never married to more than one person at a time.In this scenario, Maria has engaged in ________.

A) endogamy
B) polyandry
C) polygyny
D) serial monogamy

Question 31

The myth that the family is a "haven in a heartless world" portrays an image where the family ________.

A) is mostly self-sufficient
B) has some health or economic problems to deal with
C) does not have to worry about raising children
D) always provides love, nurturance, and emotional support

Question 32

Which of the following is true of functional myths?

A) Myths are functional when they disrupt a family.
B) Functional myths can help us maintain emotional balance during crises.
C) Functional myths tend to create misery in us.
D) Functional myths divert our attention from social problems that lead to family crises.

Question 33

Jim has a strong-minded father who takes all the family decisions alone, without consulting the other family members.Jim's family follows a ________ family system.

A) neolocal
B) patriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) matriarchal

Question 34

Sue and Fred could not have biological children, so they legally adopted a three-year-old boy named Mark.For Mark, Sue and Fred would be his ________.

A) family of orientation
B) family of origin
C) fictive family
D) family of procreation

Question 35

Which of the following is a myth about families in the past?

A) Teenage pregnancy rates in the past were negligible compared to what it is today.
B) Until the 1970s, few people ever talked about child abuse, domestic violence, or divorce.
C) Many families lived in silent misery and quiet desperation in the past.
D) Parents spend more time with their children today than they did in the past.

Question 36

Which of the following is a myth about what is natural in families?

A) that unmarried committed relationships are natural
B) that motherhood is natural for women
C) that remaining single or not marrying is natural
D) that homosexuality is natural

Question 37

A woman who has two or more husbands practices ________.

A) polyandry
B) exogamy
C) polygyny
D) endogamy

Question 38

In a ________ family system, the oldest females control cultural, political, and economic resources and, consequently, have power over males.

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) nuclear
D) neolocal

Question 39

A network of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption is known as a(n)________.

A) neolocal system
B) extended system
C) kinship system
D) nuclear system

Question 40

In a ________ residence pattern, newly married couples live with the husband's family.

A) neolocal
B) patrilocal
C) matrilocal
D) colocal

Question 41

According to the Census Bureau, a ________ household consists of two or more people living together who are related through marriage, birth, or adoption.

A) fictive
B) cohabiting
C) nonfamily
D) family

Question 42

Adrian prescribes to the school of thought which suggests that the family is changing but is not declining.Which of the following opinions is Adrian most likely to hold?

A) Marriage should exist for the sake of children and not just adults.
B) Family problems and divorces are very recent concepts.
C) There is nothing wrong is spending money on therapists, lawyers, and expert witnesses in cases of marital conflicts.
D) Gender roles are so different now compared to the past and the family has been resilient despite this.

Question 43

A large proportion of Americans now experiences the empty-nest syndrome-the departure of adult children from the home-at an earlier age.Which of the following is a reason for this?

A) Most young adults now appreciate the benefits of staying in multigenerational households.
B) There has been a decline in the number of neolocal families due to unemployment.
C) The average age of the population has now significantly increased since the mid-1800s.
D) Women now tend to prolong child rearing by keeping huge age differences among children.

Question 44

Which of the following measures directly addresses family policy?

A) creating a poverty line
B) improving housing facilities
C) passing a new adoption law
D) controlling substance abuse

Question 45

Which of the following statements supports the "family is declining" perspective?

A) Men and women wait to get married until they are older and more mature.
B) Adults who are financially deprived should not have children.
C) Many adults are unwilling to invest their financial resources in their children.
D) Parents now have less control over their adult married children.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of a direct family policy measure?

A) providing information on disabilities
B) identifying a clear financial poverty line
C) increasing the density of health care centers
D) passing a domestic violence law

Question 47

Which of the following is true of those who adhere to the "family is deteriorating" school of thought?

A) They state that as soon as an individual realizes that she or he is unhappy in a marriage, she or he should leave.
B) They believe that financial success is the most important factor in keeping families together.
C) They assume that marital partners should increase their sense of entitlement and decrease their sense of duty.
D) They believe that marriage should exist for the sake of children and not just for adults.

Question 48

During a debate about external influences on families, Lily argues that demographic changes have had far-reaching consequences on American family life.However, Daniela argues otherwise and states that demographic changes have had little influence on family patterns.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports Lily's argument?

A) As people tend to live longer, they are more likely than in the past to outlive a partner, resulting in the increasing number of singles.
B) Most U.S.families continue to stay in nuclear households despite a significant increase in the rate of unemployment.
C) The U.S.birthrates have increased and there has been a significant increase in neolocal, nuclear households.
D) Children now are more likely to be living in two-parent households due to a decline in the number of births to unmarried women.

Question 49

A social scientist who studies the Industrial Revolution and its urbanization effects to understand a society's economy is using a ________.

A) nuclear-level perspective
B) cognitive-level perspective
C) micro-level perspective
D) macro-level perspective

Question 50

Jamie's dressing and eating habits are heavily influenced by television programs, Internet fads, and pop music videos.Moreover, she acts and talks like her favorite actress as well.In this scenario, Jamie's behavior is most likely influenced by ________.

A) religious beliefs
B) family values
C) social movements
D) popular culture

Question 51

________ perspective is a social science perspective that focuses on large-scale patterns and processes that characterize society as a whole.

A) Nuclear-level
B) Cognitive-level
C) Macro-level
D) Micro-level

Question 52

Norman, a sociologist, studies the social interaction patterns of several tribes in specific settings.He focuses on the choices that individuals in a tribe make.In this scenario, Norman is studying the tribe at the ________ perspective.

A) macro-level
B) micro-level
C) global-level
D) nuclear-level

Question 53

Which of the following is true of those who believe that the family is changing, but not deteriorating?

A) They argue that family problems such as desertion and nonmarital births have always existed.
B) They believe that the mother who works outside the home is a new phenomenon.
C) They argue that the emergence of single-parent families is a new trend.
D) They believe that divorces did not take place until the late twentieth century.

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the empty-nest syndrome?

A) It refers to living alone after a divorce.
B) It refers to households where couples cannot biologically have children.
C) It refers to the departure of grown children from the home.
D) It refers to the rise of one-parent families.

Question 55

During a debate about families, Carlos states that it is important to have a cross-cultural and global perspective.However, Clark argues otherwise and states that having a local perspective will serve businesses better.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Clark's argument?

A) Many critics have observed that information and understanding about different cultures tend to foster conflicts.
B) Studies show that there has been a significant rise in the number of endogamous marriages since the last few decades.
C) The Internet has significantly reduced the need for us to learn and know about other societies and cultures.
D) The world today is an international place where the changes facing families are not only national but are also global.

Question 56

Emily believes in the marriage movement and thinks that the movement is important to help restore the declining family.Which of the following is most likely to be one of Emily's opinions?

A) Women should be more than just homemakers for a marriage to be successful.
B) Cohabiting couples can have happier family lives than married couples.
C) Federal and state benefits for children born to unmarried low-income mothers should be reduced.
D) Premarital counseling classes and marital skills programs are a waste of time and money as they do not help increase marital success.

Question 57

Which of the following is a difference between micro- and macro-level perspectives on the family?

A) Unlike the micro-level perspective, the macro-level perspective focuses only on the decisions taken by the family members.
B) Unlike the macro-level perspective, the micro-level perspective focusses on external factors on which families have little control.
C) Unlike the micro-level perspective, the macro-level perspective takes into account constraints such as economic forces and technology.
D) Unlike the micro-level perspective, the macro-level perspective states that the economy has no role to play when it comes to divorces.

Question 58

Bryan and Rachel's household consists of Bryan's parents, Rachel's mother, and two teenage children.Bryan is the only working member of the family, and he provides financial support for the entire family.In this scenario, Bryan and Rachel can be described as the ________ generation.

A) caregiver
B) pillar
C) sandwich
D) traditional

Question 59

Ralph and Philip differ in their opinions about the current status of families.Ralph believes that families now are happier than ever before and are more resilient.Philip, on the other hand, opines that families are declining and deteriorating.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Philip's point of view?

A) Recent data show that fewer adults are married and more are divorced or remaining single.
B) In the past, many white, middle-class families enjoyed a life that was both gentle and genteel.
C) In the past, many people stayed in unhappy marriages because of strong social norms and legal divorce obstacles.
D) Studies show that there has been a decrease in multigenerational relationships in families.

Question 60

During a debate about the impact of myths on family, Charles states that myths are always dysfunctional.However, his friend, Harris, disagrees and states that myths can be functional as well.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Charles's argument?

A) Myths can make us pay more attention to widespread social problems that lead to family crises.
B) Myths have induced generation of social policies such as child-support legislation.
C) Myths deprive us of the hope that we can improve marriage and family life.
D) Myths tend to provide unrealistic expectations regarding family life.

Question 61

Frank believes that most people who live in the United States speak English.However, Charlie argues that the number of people who are speaking other languages has risen in the past few decades.Provide an explanation which is likely to support Charlie's view.

Question 62

What is a primary group? Explain with examples.

Question 63

Explain the term fictive kin.

Question 64

Explain why the concept of "golden days" is either rejected or considered invalid.

Question 65

Dave and Maya, a married couple, could not have biological children, and so they adopted Mark.They lived independently, without their parents.Identify the family structure of Dave and Maya.What are the other forms of family structures?

Question 66

How do families differ in residence patterns? Which is the most common pattern?

Question 67

Explain why some scientists believe that the family is changing and not declining.

Question 68

Can myths be functional? Provide an example.

Question 69

Some scientists contend that divorce can be a good thing.Provide an accurate explanation that supports this view.

Question 70

In his community, Jeff is legally allowed to have two wives.Against his wishes, he was forced by his family to marry a second time.Identify and briefly describe the marriage practice that prevails in Jeff's community.