Deck 10: Marriage and Communication in Intimate Relationships

Question 1

In ________, partners negotiate adjustments to their new married roles.

A) identity bargaining
B) role dictation
C) role identifying
D) marital generalization

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ refers to whether a marriage is intact and whether the spouses have ever suggested divorce to each other.

A) Marital satisfaction
B) Marital stability
C) Marital conflict
D) Marital commitment

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Maria, a wealthy businesswoman, was engaged to Ryan.Before the marriage, Maria's parents insisted that Ryan should sign an agreement that would absolve Maria from parting with her wealth to Ryan in case of a divorce.Such an agreement is known as a(n)________.

A) exclusionary clause
B) voidance agreement
C) prenuptial agreement
D) due process clause

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the marriage context, the need for commitment and personal fulfillment are considered to be ________.

A) inherent reasons
B) manifest reasons
C) dormant reasons
D) latent reasons

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of engagements?

A) It gives the couple the chance to strengthen their identities as individuals.
B) It provides couples with the opportunity to copulate legally.
C) It signals that the union is inherently legal.
D) It sends a hands-off message to other interested sexual partners.

Question 6

Which of the following is traditionally true of an engagement ring?

A) It symbolizes eternity.
B) It emphasizes that the partners are sexually committed.
C) It indicates that the couple has a child out of wedlock.
D) It indicates the presence of a prenuptial agreement.

Question 7

Which of the following is a typically considered to be a traditional reason for marriage?

A) legitimize a nonmarital birth
B) adult identity
C) desire for children
D) rebellion against parents

Question 8

Megan is of the opinion that prenuptial agreements (prenups)do not serve any purpose and set a pessimistic tone for a marriage and foster a lot of problems.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Megan's argument?

A) If a contract is executed in a state other than the one in which it was drawn up, the couple will have legal problems enforcing a prenup.
B) People are likely to change over time and the prenups may not reflect the attitude and behaviors of the persons involved.
C) If one partner has considerable assets, a prenup will help make the divorce less complicated.
D) Because men usually are the ones who suffer financially after a divorce, a contract gives them some legal protection.

Question 9

Explain the self-disclosure concept.

Question 10

Which of the following is a manifest reason for getting married?

A) desire to have children
B) social pressures
C) economic security
D) social legitimacy

Question 11

Which of the following is true of marriage rates in America?

A) Marriage rates are higher among people with college degrees than those without.
B) Marriage rates have been steadily increasing since 1980.
C) Marriage rates among whites are lower than those among blacks.
D) Marriage rates among Latinos are higher than those among whites.

Question 12

Which of the following is considered a latent reason for getting married?

A) love and companionship
B) social legitimacy
C) children
D) adult identity

Question 13

In honor of her impending marriage, Jenna's female friends and relatives organized a get together in which they presented her with personal and household gifts.This ritual is often referred to as a(n)________.

A) prenup
B) baby shower
C) engagement
D) bridal shower

Question 14

In a ________ marriage, partners fight, both verbally and physically, but do not believe that fighting is a good reason for divorce.They feel that fighting is an acceptable way to try to solve problems, and they thrive on their incompatibility.

A) vital
B) conflict-habituated
C) devitalized
D) passive-congenial

Question 15

The formalization of a couple's decision to marry is called a(n)________.

A) betrothal
B) nuptial promise
C) wedding shower
D) engagement

Question 16

James, a graduate student, moved out of his parents' house for a period of two years.However, he was unable to support himself and decided to move back with his parents.James condition is said to be a part of the ________.

A) Silent Generation
B) Lost Generation
C) boomerang generation
D) baby bloomer cycle

Question 17

Matthew is of the opinion that a traditional and religious wedding results in a longer and happier marriage compared to a nontraditional simple civil wedding.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Matthew's argument?

A) National data suggest that divorce rates are higher among people who did not have a traditional wedding when compared to those who had a traditional wedding.
B) Family practitioners emphasize that the wedding can have far-reaching results on the marriage and that traditional weddings have a more positive impact.
C) If couples and their parents go into debt to pay for an elaborate wedding, both groups may experience strained relationships.
D) Most in-laws report that they often feel disrespected and snubbed at nontraditional weddings.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of using a wedding ceremony?

A) It is used to provide authenticity to the engagement ceremony.
B) It legalizes the couple's ability to adopt children.
C) It is used to justify the bridal shower.
D) It reinforces the idea that the marriage is a permanent bond.

Question 19

Which of the following is a similarity between vital and total marriages?

A) In both vital and total marriages, spouses spend time together more out of obligation than love.
B) In both vital and total marriages, spouses thrive on their incompatibility and believe that feuding is an acceptable way to try to solve problems.
C) In both vital and total marriages, spouses have fewer expectations from each other and lead fairly independent lives.
D) In both vital and total marriages, spouses participate in each other's lives and share many facets of their lives.

Question 20

Which of the following is a difference between manifest and latent reasons for getting married?

A) Unlike manifest reasons for getting married, latent reasons emphasize love and companionship.
B) Unlike manifest reasons for getting married, latent reasons include commitment and personal fulfillment.
C) Unlike manifest reasons for getting married, latent reasons are more likely to result in unhappy, short-term marriages.
D) Unlike manifest reasons for getting married, latent reasons are respected and approved by the society.

Question 21

According to Cuber and Haroff, which of the following is an example of a utilitarian marriage?

A) conflict-habituated marriage
B) vital marriage
C) total marriage
D) intrinsic marriage

Question 22

According to Cuber and Haroff, which of the following is characterized as an intrinsic marriage?

A) passive-congenial marriage
B) devitalized marriage
C) conflict-habituated marriage
D) total marriage

Question 23

Stephen and Molly, a married couple, constantly fight and engage in both physical and verbal abuse.However, they don't believe that such fights are a reason to obtain a divorce.In this scenario, the couple is involved in a ________ marriage.

A) devitalized
B) conflict-habituated
C) total
D) vital

Question 24

In a ________ marriage, the partners have a low emotional investment in the marriage and few expectations of each other.

A) passive-congenial
B) total marriage
C) vital marriage
D) conflict-habituated

Question 25

________ refers to whether each partner sees the marriage as a good one.

A) Marital satisfaction
B) Marital constancy
C) Marital stability
D) Marital recognition

Question 26

Which of the following is a similarity between a conflict-habituated marriage and a devitalized marriage?

A) Both types involve a great deal of verbal and physical violence.
B) Both types involve specific conflicts that are quickly resolved through compromise.
C) Both types involve commitment to staying married.
D) Both types involve a great deal of emotional intensity and affection.

Question 27

Couples in conflict-habituated marriages differ from couples in total marriages in that couples in conflict-habituated marriages ________.

A) participate in each other's lives at all levels
B) have few areas of tension or unresolved hostility
C) believe that feuding is an acceptable way to try to solve problems
D) spend a lot of time together out, but out of obligation rather than love

Question 28

Which of the following is a difference between a passive-congenial and a total marriage?

A) Unlike in a passive-congenial marriage, spouses in a total marriage maintain separate activities and interests.
B) Unlike in a passive-congenial marriage, spouses in a total marriage thrive on their incompatibility.
C) Unlike in a total marriage, spouses in a passive-congenial marriage have a low emotional investment in the marriage.
D) Unlike in a total marriage, spouses in a passive-congenial marriage make sacrifices for each other and take interest in each other's lives.

Question 29

Alexander and Marianne are in a passive-congenial marriage.Which of the following statements is most likely to convey their opinion about their marriage?

A) Practicality is more important in a marriage than emotional intensity.
B) Love and affection sustain a marriage; conflicts can always be resolved by compromise.
C) Participating in each other's lives and making sacrifices for each other.
D) Quarreling and feuding are normal between couples and conflicts over minor issues do occur in a marriage.

Question 30

Couples in a devitalized marriage differ from couples in a vital marriage in that couples in a devitalized marriage ________.

A) participate in each other's lives at all levels
B) have few areas of tension or unresolved hostility
C) resolve conflicts through compromise
D) spend time together out of obligation rather than love

Question 31

In a ________ marriage, the partners' lives are closely intertwined.They spend a great deal of time together, resolve conflicts through compromise, and often make sacrifices for each other.

A) passive-congenial
B) devitalized
C) total
D) vital

Question 32

Which of the following illustrates the difference between intrinsic marriages and utilitarian marriages?

A) Utilitarian marriages tend to be more encompassing than intrinsic marriages.
B) Most marriages in America fall under intrinsic marriages rather than utilitarian marriages.
C) Couples have a higher involvement rate in intrinsic marriages when compared to utilitarian marriages.
D) Partners in intrinsic marriages are less capable in resolving disputes than their counterparts in utilitarian marriages.

Question 33

According to Cuber and Haroff, which of the following is true of a passive-congenial marriage?

A) It is considered a utilitarian marriage.
B) It is characterized by high involvement.
C) It involves high emotional investment.
D) It is considered to be an intrinsic marriage.

Question 34

Stan and Lily have been married for over ten years and their lives are closely intertwined.They like to spend a lot of time together and are quick to resolve any disputes that may occur.Also, they are willing to make sacrifices for each other in order to make the marriage work.In this scenario, the couple has a ________.

A) devitalized marriage
B) vital marriage
C) passive marriage
D) congenial marriage

Question 35

Cuber and Haroff characterized devitalized marriages as __________ marriages because it appeared to be based on convenience.

A) utilitarian
B) intrinsic
C) essential
D) active

Question 36

In a ________ marriage, the partners participate in each other's lives at all levels and have few areas of tension or unresolved hostility.

A) total
B) utilitarian
C) devitalized
D) passive-congenial

Question 37

According to Cuber and Haroff, which of the following is an example of an intrinsic marriage?

A) conflict-habituated marriage
B) passive-congenial marriage
C) vital marriage
D) devitalized marriage

Question 38

Which of the following is true of same-sex marriages?

A) Federal benefits are not afforded to legally married same-sex couples.
B) It is prohibited in a majority of American states.
C) Empirical studies on lesbian marriages are abundant.
D) Newly married same-sex couples tend to be younger than their different-sex counterparts.

Question 39

Couples in total marriages differ from couples in passive-congenial marriages in that couples in a total marriage ________.

A) have a low emotional investment in the marriage
B) have few areas of tension or unresolved hostility
C) thrive on their incompatibility
D) believe that feuding is an acceptable way to try to solve problems

Question 40

When Mike and Julie were first married, they spent much of their time together and had a strong, satisfying sex life.As time passed, they spend less time with each other and more time raising the children, entertaining, or meeting community responsibilities.They did so out of a sense of obligation rather than out of love.Make and Julie's marriage may be characterized as ________.

A) vital
B) conflict-habituated
C) devitalized
D) passive-congenial

Question 41

Kurt, a sociologist, claims that unmarried couples are less likely to be happy than their married counterparts.Which of the following accurate statements strengthens Kurt's argument?

A) Unlike their married counterparts, unmarried couples cannot legally raise their children as their own.
B) Unlike their unmarried counterparts, married couples tend to have smaller extended family ties.
C) Unlike their unmarried counterparts, married couples are reported to have greater financial security and stability.
D) Unlike their married counterparts, unmarried couples are generally afraid of being ridiculed by society.

Question 42

Stuart and Kelly have been married for ten years.Over the past few years, Kelly has become disenchanted with the marriage and the couple has experienced a loss of emotional attachment.Stuart provides for the family but does not confide his problems with his wife and prefers his friends' company.In this scenario, the couple is experiencing ________.

A) total marriage
B) marital burnout
C) congenial burnout
D) identity bargaining

Question 43

Sandra is of the opinion that conflicts in a marriage aren't always negative and are sometimes important.On the other hand, Jacob believes that conflicts always erode relationships.Which of the following is an accurate statement that is most likely to support Sandra's point of view?

A) Some sociologists believe that if partners recognize and actively attempt to resolve conflicts, it can strengthen a relationship.
B) Studies have found that most conflicts end in compromise which is the worst way of ending a conflict.
C) Even discrete, isolated disagreements invariably result in chronic relationship problems.
D) Conflicts happen only among spouses who are incompatible; partners who are supportive and caring family members do not face conflicts.

Question 44

During a heated debate about marriage, Jake opines that men are more dominant in most relationships.However, Ronald disagrees and states that most American families are egalitarian.Both Jake and Ronald respect each other's opinion and politely agree to disagree.In this scenario, Jake and Ronald are exhibiting ________.

A) validation
B) information support
C) cognitive dissonance
D) reciprocal self-disclosure

Question 45

Some researchers claim that married people are healthier than their unmarried counterparts because healthy people are attracted to others who are like themselves.This phenomenon is referred to as the ________effect.

A) protection
B) robust
C) emotional
D) selection

Question 46

Keith is of the opinion that, overall, married women are less healthy than married men.Janet, on the other hand believes that marriage benefits women more than men.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Keith's view?

A) Many married women enjoy "emotional capital" because husbands provide nurturing and companionship.
B) Women work harder if the marriage is distressed and tend to neglect their own health while caring for family members.
C) Men typically are more attuned than women to the emotional quality of marriages.
D) Married women who work full time tend to have fewer domestic responsibilities.

Question 47

When he turned 18, Jim wished to move out of his parents' home.Jim's mother reluctantly agreed to let him leave, but felt depressed and lonely after a few months.She experienced a lessened sense of well-being as well.In this scenario, Jim's mother is experiencing the ________.

A) empathy syndrome
B) boomerang syndrome
C) flying the coop syndrome
D) empty-nest syndrome

Question 48

Neil believes that, in general, married people tend to be healthier than unmarried people.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports this view?

A) Studies have found that marriage increases anxiety levels leading to health problems.
B) Marriage is found to decrease risky activities such as driving too fast and smoking.
C) Sociologists have observed that marriage itself does not improve health.
D) Cohabitants report being happier than married couples because their relationships are more flexible.

Question 49

Young adults who live away from their parents' home for a while and then return to it are referred to as the ________.

A) baby boomer group
B) Silent Generation
C) G.I.Generation
D) boomerang generation

Question 50

________ refers to the specific ways that married couples define their behavior and structure their time.

A) Marital roles
B) Marital burnout
C) Marital bargaining
D) Marital conflict

Question 51

The gradual deterioration of love and ultimate loss of an emotional attachment between married partners is called ________.

A) the divorce slide
B) marriage deterioration
C) disaffection
D) marital burnout

Question 52

Ben and Melissa, a married couple, agree that Melissa will share household duties such as cooking, cleaning, and washing equally.Also, since both partners are working, they decide to hire a fulltime babysitter for their one-year-old son.Which of the following steps in the process of learning marital roles and identity bargaining is seen in this scenario?

A) treating the partners as a friend
B) identifying with the roles
C) negotiating changes in their new roles
D) treating the partner as a confidant

Question 53

Blake left his parents' house at the age of 20 in order to be independent.However, he was unable to find a steady job and support himself financially.Due to the economic circumstances, he was forced to move back into his parents' home.Blake's condition is characteristic of the ________.

A) boomerang generation
B) Baby Boomers
C) Silent Generation
D) privileged generation

Question 54

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning Americans' self-reports of marital happiness?

A) Men report being less happily married than women.
B) Both marital stability and marital satisfaction tend to be higher for those with a college education.
C) Marital happiness increases when couples experience poverty, job loss, and financial problems.
D) People who were married in their teens tend to be happier than people who marry after age 20.

Question 55

After their marriage, Carlos and Rosanne decided that they would share cooking and cleaning responsibilities.However, over a period of time, Carlos resented these household responsibilities as he is also the primary breadwinner in the family.In this scenario, the couple is trying to structure their ________.

A) marital conflict
B) marital nuances
C) marital roles
D) marital resentment

Question 56

In order to predict divorce and understand inadequate parenting, psychological distress, and poor physical health, researchers are likely to measure ________.

A) marital feasibility
B) marital stability
C) marital satisfaction
D) marital longitude

Question 57

Nicky, a social theorist, opines that in order to have a good relationship, each partner must be willing to tell the other about their own thoughts, about themselves, and their feelings, with the expectation that open communication will result from it.In this scenario, Nicky is advocating ________.

A) esteem support
B) validation
C) self-disclosure
D) scapegoating

Question 58

When Martha was asked how she felt about her marriage, she replied that she was happy.She said that getting married helped her get past her depression and overcome financial problems as her husband is very supportive.Martha's marriage exemplified the ________.

A) placebo effect
B) ripple effect
C) protection effect
D) selection effect

Question 59

The process by which newly married partners modify their idealized expectations and deal with the realities of living together is called ________.

A) identity bargaining
B) cognitive bias
C) cognitive dissonance
D) role conflict

Question 60

The selection effect differs from the protection effect in that ________.

A) the protection effect posits that marriage helps increase a person's health by decreasing the opportunities for risky activities
B) the selection effect posits that it is marriage itself, and not the choice of the mate that increases a person's health
C) the protection effect does not take the couple's health into account
D) the selection effect entails that receiving emotional, physical, and financial support from a spouse improves one's general health

Question 61

Hugh, a sociologist, postulates that self-disclosure is beneficial only under certain conditions.Identify the conditions under which self-disclosure is considered beneficial

Question 62

Briefly explain why U.S.marriage rates are falling.

Question 63

Studies have shown that negotiation of new roles and understanding is required for a successful marriage.Provide a brief explanation that strengthens the arguments made in these studies.

Question 64

Before their marriage ceremony took place, Ashton and Melinda decided to sign agreement that would dictate what would happen in the event of a divorce.Identify and briefly explain such an agreement.

Question 65

Briefly describe any two latent reasons for marriage.

Question 66

Describe the functions of an engagement.

Question 67

Briefly describe marital stability and marital satisfaction.

Question 68

Briefly describe a passive-congenial marriage.

Question 69

Ralph opines that married people are happier than unmarried people.However, Nick disagrees and states that single people are more likely to be happy than married people.Provide a brief explanation that strengthens Ralph's argument.

Question 70

Kenneth and Carla, a married couple, were initially in love.However, they grew emotionally apart over the years, but have decided to remain together for the sake of their children.Identify, and explain the type of marriage present in this scenario.