Deck 24: The Fungi Eumycota

Question 1

Fungi

A) absorb nutrients from the environment.
B) take in food by phagocytosis.
C) generate ATP and reducing equivalents by photosynthesis.
D) all of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Yeast are true eukaryotes with a nucleus, mitochondria, and other membrane bound organelles including flagella.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The tangled mass or tissue-like aggregation in a mold is called a

A) hyphae.
B) hypha.
C) mycelium.
D) thallus.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Fungi

A) are eukaryotic organisms.
B) produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions.
C) are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species.
D) produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions and are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species

Question 5

Fungi are essential in industrial production of food and spirits.

Question 6

Fungi form functional associations with which of the following?

A) plant roots
B) phototrophic microbes
C) animals
D) plant roots and phototrophic microbes

Question 7

Like some bacteria, fungal cells secrete enzymes that promote exodigestion after which the released nutrients are transported into the cell across the plasma membrane.

Question 8

Most fungi secure their nutrients from dead organic matter and are therefore called _________.

Question 9

The primary storage polysaccharide in Chytridiomycota is

A) glycogen.
B) cellulose.
C) starch.
D) none of the choices

Question 10

Sexual spores that are flagellated and produced by the chytrids are called ___________.

Question 11

Fungi are found primarily in which of the following environments?

A) marine
B) freshwater
C) terrestrial
D) arboreal

Question 12

The common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the

A) Zygomycota.
B) Ascomycota.
C) Basidiomycota.
D) Glomeromycota.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true about yeast?

A) contains two or more nuclei
B) reproduces either asexually by budding or sexually through spore formation
C) are larger than most bacteria
D) possesses eukaryotic organelles

Question 14

Diseases in animals caused by fungi are called

A) funguses.
B) mycoses.
C) dictyoses.
D) cystoses.

Question 15

Features that are useful for identification of fungal species include

A) size, shape color and number of spores.
B) presence of a membrane bound nucleus.
C) ability to produce chlorophyll a.
D) all of the choices

Question 16

Fungi digest macromolecules by

A) phagocytosis.
B) intracellular digestion.
C) extracellular enzyme activity.
D) active transport.

Question 17

Recent analysis indicates that the chytrids are the most primitive division of fungi and that a single event resulted in the loss of flagella in the more advanced fungi.

Question 18

Matching
1) conidia
2) zoospores
3) budding
A. found at the tips of special hyphae
B. reproduction in yeast cells
C. give rise to aquatic fungi

Question 19

The primary ecological function of fungi is that of

A) producer.
B) consumer.
C) pathogen.
D) decomposer.

Question 20

Some chytrids have true mycelia, but others may consist of a single cell or a small multinucleate mass.

Question 21

Most basidiomycetes are autotrophs that decompose plant debris, especially cellulose and lignin.

Question 22

Fungal spores are usually responsible for the bright colors and fluffy textures of the molds that produce them.

Question 23

The toxin that allows Rhizopus to cause the rice disease known as seedling blight is actually produced by _________________ growing within the fungus.

A) Burkholderia
B) Clostridium
C) Staphylococcus
D) none of the choices
E) Burkholderia and Staphylococcus, but not Clostridium

Question 24

The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is

A) Aspergillus oryzae.
B) Aspergillus fumigatus.
C) Aspergillus nidulans.
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 25

The ustilaginomycete Ustilago maydis is _____________; plant-associated fungi grow in the _____________ form but are yeastlike in the external environment.

Question 26

Zygomycetes live on

A) bread.
B) organic matter in the soil.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) all of these

Question 27

Matching
1) alpha-amanitin
2) pink bread mold
3) mucor
A. Ascomycetes
B. Basidiomycetes
C. Zygomycetes

Question 28

Which of the following is not found among the zygomycetes?

A) saprophytic nutrition
B) nonseptate hyphae
C) flagellated cells
D) fusion of gametes

Question 29

Matching
1) ascospores
2) rhizoids
3) basidium
A. penetrate bread
B. mushroom
C. ascus

Question 30

Asexual reproduction is common in the filamentous ascomycetes and is associated with the production of

A) basidia.
B) conidia.
C) ascospores.
D) zoospores.

Question 31

The hallucinogen LSD is a product of

A) yeasts.
B) zygomycetes.
C) ascomycetes.
D) basidiomycetes.

Question 32

Asexual reproduction in fungi can be accomplished by

A) binary fission.
B) hyphal fragmentation.
C) budding of somatic vegetative cells.
D) all of the choices

Question 33

Although mating in yeast strains leads to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction by budding predominates when cultured on rich growth medium.

Question 34

The sac fungi are distinguished from all other groups of fungi because their reproductive structures are

A) inside an ascus.
B) borne on basidia.
C) zygospores.
D) motile.

Question 35

When infecting a corn plant, Ustilago maydis forms specialize flat hyphae called __________ that enable penetration and subsequent reproduction within the host.

Question 36

The ____________ of the glomeromycetes do not penetrate host root cells; instead, the fungal hyphae grow between and around cells.

A) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae
B) progametangia hyphae
C) ectomycorrhizal hyphae
D) stolon hyphae

Question 37

The _________________________ are of critical ecological importance because most are endomycorrhizal symbionts of vascular plants.

A) Glomeromycota
B) Basidiomycota.
C) Deuteromycota.
D) Zygomycota.

Question 38

Which of the following yeasts is not pathogenic to humans?

A) Saccharomyces
B) Candida
C) Cryptococcus
D) Saccharomyces and Cryptococcus

Question 39

The ascomycetes are named for their characteristic reproductive structure called a(n)

A) hypha.
B) ascus.
C) thallus.
D) ascocarp.

Question 40

Asexual spores such as conidia develop by the process of

A) meiosis.
B) mitosis.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) fission.

Question 41

A basidium

A) is found inside a fruiting body.
B) is produced at the tip of hyphae.
C) is club-shaped.
D) all of the choices

Question 42

Included in the basidiomycetes are the

A) stolons.
B) puffballs.
C) yeasts.
D) smuts.

Question 43

Human pathogens of the genus Encephalitozoon belong to the

A) Microsporidia.
B) Glomeromycota.
C) Urediniomycetes.
D) Chytridiomycota.

Question 44

In mushrooms, the sexual spores are produced in a(n)

A) basidium.
B) ascus.
C) sporophyte.
D) sporangiophore.

Question 45

The ______________ are fungi that lack mitochondria, peroxisomes, and centrioles.

Question 46

The fruiting body of members of the Basidiomycota can produce millions of

A) gametes.
B) spores.
C) rhizoids.
D) zygotes.

Question 47

Toadstools are good examples of

A) zygomycetes.
B) ascomycetes.
C) basidiomycetes.
D) yeasts.

Question 48

The rusts of grain crops are good examples of

A) ascomycetes.
B) basidiomycetes.
C) zygomycetes.
D) they fall in several fungal groupings

Question 49

Edible truffles are in the fungal group termed __________, while edible mushrooms are in the fungal group termed __________.

Question 50

The common fungus Polyporus squamous forms large shelf-like structures that project from the lower portion of dead trees.

Question 51

______________ are particularly problematic for immunocompromised individuals, especially those with HIV/AIDS.