Deck 21: Bacteria the Low G+C Gram Positives

Question 1

Clostridium perfringens causes which of the following?

A) gas gangrene
B) pneumonia
C) fire blight disease of pears
D) tuberculosis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Abscesses and boils are often associated with

A) Streptococcus mutans.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Lactococcus lactis.
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The genus Mycoplasma requires sterols for growth, and includes species that cause diseases in humans and animals.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following genera, when grown on microbiological agar, has a characteristic "fried egg" appearance?

A) Lactobacillus
B) Clostridium
C) Bacillus
D) Mycoplasma

Question 5

ATP can be produced via the Stickland reaction by

A) Bacillus.
B) Clostridium.
C) Epulopiscium.
D) Desulfotomaculum.

Question 6

Which of the following is(are) true of mycoplasmas?

A) They are difficult to detect in mammalian cell cultures.
B) They are a frequent contaminant of mammalian cell cultures.
C) They are difficult to eliminate from mammalian cell cultures.
D) all of the choices

Question 7

Mycoplasmas are

A) among the smallest bacteria capable of self-reproduction.
B) contain sterols in their plasma membrane.
C) lacking peptidoglycan.
D) all of the choices

Question 8

Although lacking a TCA cycle and a respiratory chain, __________ can divide with a generation time of eight to ten minutes when growing in a human host.

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Clostridium perfringens
D) no bacterium can divide that fast

Question 9

Which of the following is responsible for causing gas gangrene?

A) Clostridium perfringens
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Clostridium acetobutylicum
D) Clostridium tetani

Question 10

Gene duplications in Bacillus subtilis have resulted in a large gene family that encodes __________ transporters.

Question 11

Clostridium tetani in deep puncture wounds can cause the disease ___________ in humans.

Question 12

Members of the genus Clostridium are spore-forming and aerobic.

Question 13

The photosynthetic pigments of Heliobacterium and Heliophilum

A) are in separate membrane structures attached to the plasma membrane.
B) are in separate membrane structures that are not attached to the plasma membrane.
C) are in the plasma membrane and not in separate structures.
D) are in separate structures and also in the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are normally associated with

A) skin.
B) skin glands.
C) mucous membranes.
D) all of the choices

Question 15

Primary atypical pneumonia in humans is caused by

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae.
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
D) Pneumococcus pneumoniae.

Question 16

Which of the following genera is photosynthetic using bacteriochlorophyll g?

A) Heliobacterium
B) Veillonella
C) Clostridium
D) Caryophanon

Question 17

The genus Veillonella is unusual because it grows well on organic acids such as lactate and pyruvate, but is normally unable to ferment glucose and other carbohydrates.

Question 18

Desulfotomaculum are gram-positive, but stain gram-negative because their cell walls have a lower than normal concentration of peptidoglycan.

Question 19

Members of the genus Veillonella are part of the normal microflora of the

A) sweat glands and hair follicles.
B) stomach.
C) upper and lower respiratory tract.
D) mouth.

Question 20

Pyogenic streptococci usually produce ___________-hemolysis when cultured on blood agar.

Question 21

Members of the genus Bacillus are spore-forming, aerobic and catalase positive.

Question 22

The largest genus in the order Lactobacillales is _____________ with around 100 species.

A) Lactobacillus
B) Leuconostoc
C) Streptococcus
D) Listeria

Question 23

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris is the causative agent for

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) farmer's lung disease.
C) primary atypical pneumonia.
D) vaginitis.

Question 24

Staphylococcus aureus appears to be very adept at acquiring virulence and antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria.

Question 25

Lactobacillus grows optimally at __________ pH.

A) slightly acidic
B) neutral
C) slightly alkaline
D) very acidic

Question 26

Lactobacilli are alkalophilic, preferring conditions that are slightly alkaline for optimal growth.

Question 27

Which of the following genera produce numerous useful antibiotics?

A) Bacillus
B) Clostridium
C) Leuconostoc
D) all of the choices

Question 28

Leuconostoc species have the ability to grow in high concentrations of sugar, making them a major problem in sugar refineries during the production of heavy syrup.

Question 29

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food poisoning in the US.

Question 30

Many bacteria that were originally classified in the genus Streptococcus are now placed into 2 new genera, Enterococcus and Lactococcus.

Question 31

Streptococcal sore throat (strep throat) is caused by

A) Streptococcus pyogenes.
B) Streptococcus mutans.
C) Streptococcus trachius.
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 32

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to __________ generally cannot be treated with antibiotic therapy.

Question 33

Members of the genus Leuconostoc are important in the production of

A) pickles.
B) sauerkraut.
C) cheese.
D) all of the choices

Question 34

The Lancefield grouping system

A) depends on serological detection of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens.
B) is used to identify $\beta$ -hemolytic streptococci.
C) is based on a DNA fingerprinting assay specific for streptococci.
D) depends on serological detection of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens and is used to identify $\beta$ -hemolytic streptococci

Question 35

Which of the following is pyogenic (pus forming)?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Streptococcus mutans
C) Streptococcus fecaelis
D) Lactococcus lactis

Question 36

Which of the following antibiotics are produced by members of the genus Bacillus?

A) bacitracin
B) gramicidin
C) polymyxin
D) all of the choices

Question 37

Members of the genus Thermoactinomyces

A) produce spores on its hyphae.
B) are commonly found in damp haystacks and compost piles.
C) are thermophiles.
D) all of the choices

Question 38

Staphylococcus aureus produces the enzyme __________, which causes blood plasma to clot.

Question 39

When they ferment, glucose members of the genus Streptococcus produce lactic acid but no gas.

Question 40

Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, an important

A) waterborne infection.
B) insect-borne infection.
C) airborne infection.
D) foodborne infection.

Question 41

Which of the following is associated with dental caries?

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus mutans
C) Enterococcus faecalis
D) Lactococcus lactis

Question 42

Which of the following is not true of the genus Lactobacillus?

A) They are used in the production of fermented vegetable foods, beverages, sour dough, hard cheeses, yogurt, and sausages.
B) They are responsible for spoilage of beer, milk, and meat.
C) Many species are pathogenic in humans and animals.
D) They do not produce endospores.

Question 43

Members of the genus Lactobacillus

A) grow optimally under slightly alkaline conditions.
B) are normal flora of the human body in mouth, intestinal tract and vagina.
C) are strict aerobes.
D) produce large amounts of H₂ as a byproduct of metabolism when growing on glucose.

Question 44

The organisms that causes toxic shock syndrome is

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Lactococcus lactis.
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 45

Some species of Streptococcus, when grown on blood agar, produce a complete hemolysis with the formation of a clear zone around the colony; this is referred to as

A) alpha-hemolysis.
B) beta-hemolysis.
C) gamma-hemolysis.
D) none of these

Question 46

Which of the following is not one of the groups of streptococci?

A) the pyogenic streptococci
B) the oral streptococci
C) the dermal streptococci
D) all of the above are groups of streptococci

Question 47

Some species of Streptococcus, when grown on blood agar, produce an incomplete hemolysis with the formation of a greenish zone around the colony; this is referred to as

A) alpha-hemolysis.
B) beta-hemolysis.
C) gamma-hemolysis.
D) none of these

Question 48

Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with

A) endocarditis.
B) abscesses.
C) diarrhea.
D) sinus infection.

Question 49

Members of the genus Streptococcus carry out __________ fermentation.

A) butanediol
B) heterolactic
C) homolactic
D) mixed acid

Question 50

Which of the following is a normal skin resident?

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Streptococcus mutans
D) Clostridium perfringens

Question 51

Which of the following will grow in broth with 6.5% salt?

A) Streptococcus mutans
B) Enterococcus fecaelis
C) Lactococcus lactis
D) all of the above

Question 52

Endospore-forming gram-positive bacteria are found primarily in __________ habitats.

A) soil
B) freshwater
C) marine
D) all of the choices

Question 53

Which of the following is used in the production of buttermilk and cheese?

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus mutans
C) Enterococcus faecalis
D) Lactococcus lactis